Abstract: A method for signaling gradual refresh for encoding a set of pictures performed by an electronic device is provided. The method identifies a first picture in the set of pictures as being associated with a gradual refreshed picture, and stores a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit type in a coded stream associated with the first picture. The NAL unit type identifies a presence of the gradual refreshed picture. The method then stores, in the coded stream, an enable flag to identify a use of the gradual refresh for encoding at least a subset of pictures in the set of pictures.

Abstract: An image decoding apparatus including a header decoder configured to decode, from coded data, a flag indicating whether dependent quantization is enabled and a flag prohibiting transform skip residual quantization, and a TU decoder configured to decode a transform coefficient in a TU block in an RRC mode in which a LAST position is coded, the LAST position corresponding to a decoding start position for the transform coefficient, or a TSRC mode in which the LAST position is not coded. The TU decoder performs dependent quantization in the RRC mode in a case that the transform coefficient for transform skip is decoded in the TSRC mode, and does not perform dependent quantization in the RRC mode in a case that the transform coefficient for transform skip is decoded in the RRC mode.

Abstract: Provided are an image decoding apparatus (31) and an image coding apparatus (11) in which both transform precision and residual coding efficiency are preferable. Included are a TU decoder (3024) configured to decode, from coded data, a syntax element representing an absolute value of a transform coefficient, a scaling unit (311) configured to multiply a transform coefficient by a quantization-parameter dependent value and perform right-shift by a first shift value, and to perform clipping using a minimum value and a maximum value according to a first range, and an inverse conversion processing unit (311) configured to convert a scaled transform coefficient, perform clipping using the minimum value and the maximum value according to the first range to derive an intermediate coefficient, further transform an intermediate variable, and perform right-shift by a second shift value.

Abstract: A disclosed managing apparatus and image forming apparatus management system ensure confidentiality of information in an image forming apparatus while usability is maintained. An image forming apparatus acquires IC card identifying information with an IC card reader. A management server acquires a user ID associated with the acquired IC card identifying information and use limit information concerning use of the image forming apparatus. A process is performed in the image forming apparatus in accordance with the use limit information.

Abstract: The drive system from the engine (1) to the drive wheels (7) of a vehicle is equipped with a torque converter (2), which has a lock-up clutch (3), and a variator (4). Said engined car is provided with a lock-up control means for controlling the engagement/disengagement of the lock-up clutch (3) and a gear change mode switch-controlling means (FIG. 8) for performing control to switch between a “continuously variable gear change mode” and a “DSTEP gear change mode.” While traveling, the gear change mode switch-controlling means (FIG. 8) prohibits gear change by the “DSTEP gear change mode” when the detected oil temperature is at or below a lock-up engagement-permitting threshold for permitting engagement of the lock-up clutch (3) and allows gear change by the “DSTEP gear change mode” when the detected oil temperature is higher than the lock-up engagement-permitting threshold.

Abstract: The drive system from the engine (1) to the drive wheels (7) of a vehicle is equipped with a torque converter (2), which has a lock-up clutch (3), and a variator (4). Said engined car is provided with a lock-up control means for controlling the engagement/disengagement of the lock-up clutch (3) and a gear change mode switch-controlling means (FIG. 8) for performing control to switch between a “continuously variable gear change mode” and a “DSTEP gear change mode.” While traveling, the gear change mode switch-controlling means (FIG. 8) prohibits gear change by the “DSTEP gear change mode” when the detected oil temperature is at or below a lock-up engagement-permitting threshold for permitting engagement of the lock-up clutch (3) and allows gear change by the “DSTEP gear change mode” when the detected oil temperature is higher than the lock-up engagement-permitting threshold.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a industrially appropriate method for producing the ?-anomers of ribofuranose derivatives in a highly selective manner at a high yield. The present invention provides a method for producing ribofuranose derivatives wherein ?-anomers is precipitated from among the generated furanose derivatives by controlling the amount of a reaction reagent used and/or using a poor solvent in the acetolysis reactions of 2,3,5-tri-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-ribofuranose and 2,3-di-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hair cosmetic composition containing the following ingredients (1) to (4): (1) petrolatum in an amount of 0.01 to 20 mass % with respect to the cosmetic composition; (2) a hydroxyalkylurea in an amount of 0.001 to 30 mass % with respect to the cosmetic composition; (3) a tertiary amine cationic surfactant and/or a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mass % with respect to the cosmetic composition; and (4) water. The hair cosmetic composition can finish the hair, after shampooing, with excellent smoothness, suppleness, and moistness and which is suitable for use as a rinse, a conditioner, etc.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a industrially appropriate method for producing the ?-anomers of ribofuranose derivatives in a highly selective manner at a high yield. The present invention provides a method for producing ribofuranose derivatives wherein ?-anomers is precipitated from among the generated furanose derivatives by controlling the amount of a reaction reagent used and/or using a poor solvent in the acetolysis reactions of 2,3,5-tri-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-ribofuranose and 2,3-di-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide 3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)propionamides useful as synthesis intermediates of pharmaceutical preparations and the like and a method for obtaining optically active 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols using the same with high reaction yield, high optical yield and industrially low cost. According to the present invention, 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols are obtained by carrying out asymmetric reduction of a ?-ketocarbonyl compound having thiophene ring in the presence of a catalyst constituted from a compound of a group VIII or IX metal in the periodic table (e.g., a ruthenium compound) and an asymmetric ligand represented by a specified optically active diamine derivative (e.g., a diphenylethylenediamine derivative), or using a cell, a treated product of said cell or the like of a microorganism, and as occasion demands, carrying out amidation of the ester group and then carrying out reduction of the amido group.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing a nucleic acid derivative by condensing a specific nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as a dinitrogen 6-membered heterocyclic compound or a trinitrogen 5-membered heterocyclic compound with a pentose using a less expensive and safe reagent. Namely, a process for producing a nucleic acid derivative by condensing a dinitrogen 6-membered heterocyclic compound or a trinitrogen 5-membered heterocyclic compound with a pentose in the presence of an iron halide.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide 3-hydroxy-3-(2-thienyl)propionamides useful as synthesis intermediates of pharmaceutical preparations and the like and a method for obtaining optically active 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols using the same with high reaction yield, high optical yield and industrially low cost. According to the present invention, 3-amino-1-(2-thienyl)-1-propanols are obtained by carrying out asymmetric reduction of a ?-ketocarbonyl compound having thiophene ring in the presence of a catalyst constituted from a compound of a group VIII or IX metal in the periodic table (e.g., a ruthenium compound) and an asymmetric ligand represented by a specified optically active diamine derivative (e.g., a diphenylethylenediamine derivative), or using a cell, a treated product of said cell or the like of a microorganism, and as occasion demands, carrying out amidation of the ester group and then carrying out reduction of the amido group.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing a nucleic acid derivative by condensing a specific nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as a dinitrogen 6-membered heterocyclic compound or a trinitrogen 5-membered heterocyclic compound with a pentose using a less expensive and safe reagent. Namely, a process for producing a nucleic acid derivative by condensing a dinitrogen 6-membered heterocyclic compound or a trinitrogen 5-membered heterocyclic compound with a pentose in the presence of an iron halide.

Abstract: A photoconductive material comprising a mixed crystal of at least two phthalocyanine compounds whose central substances are different from each other, the phthalocyanine compounds being represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a substance capable of bonding to the phthalocyanine ligand through a covalent bond or a coordinate bond. The photoconductive material exhibits stability to heat and light and sufficient sensitivity in the visible to near infrared region.

Abstract: An electrolytic paper for an electrolytic capacitor interposed between an anode foil and a cathode foil is made of cellulose fiber induced with organic substituent. The inducing reaction of the organic substituent is selected from etherification for hydroxyl group contained in the cellulose fiber, esterification for hydroxyl group contained in the cellulose fiber, or acetalization for hydroxyl group contained in the cellulose fiber. The swelling degree of the electrolytic paper made of this organic substituent induced fiber for electrolyte is increased.