Abstract: Reflection characteristics of light in an object having a surface that is embossed are easily acquired. A simulation apparatus 10 includes a grain shape database 101 that stores shape data of a grain; a secondary grain shape database 100 that stores shape data of a secondary grain; a material database 102 that stores data of optical characteristics specific to a material of an object; a combination shape generator 103 that generates shape data of a shape in which the secondary grain overlaps the grain by combining the shape data stored in the grain shape database 101 with the shape data stored in the secondary grain shape database 100; and a reflection characteristic estimation unit 105 that estimates the reflection characteristics of the light in the object by a simulation using the shape data that has been generated and the data stored in the material database 102.

Abstract: Provided are a process for producing an acid addition salt of a 3-[4-(8-fluoro-5,11-dihydrobenz[b]oxepino[4,3-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid alkyl ester by reacting a 3-[4-(8-fluoro-5,11-dihydrobenz[b]oxepino[4,3-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid alkyl ester with an acid, and a process for producing 3-[4-(8-fluoro-5,11-dihydrobenz[b]oxepino[4,3-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)piperidino]propionic acid using the acid addition salt as an intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a sulfonamide derivative represented by the following formula (1): [wherein A represents a nitrogen atom, —CH═, etc.; Z represents an oxygen atom, etc.; Ar1 represents an aryl group, etc.; Ar2 represents an alkyl group, etc.; Ra represents a hydrogen atom, etc.; Rb represents a hydrogen atom, etc.; and Rc represents an alkyl group, etc.], or a salt thereof; and drugs containing the derivative or a salt thereof as an active ingredient. This compound exhibits radical scavenging action, gastric mucous secretion augmenting action, and anti-HP action, and thus is effective as a peptic ulcer therapeutic agent.