Abstract: A quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate is produced by quaternizing a tertiary amine with a hydroxycarboxylic ester represented by the following Formula 1: 1

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate is produced by quaternizing a tertiary amine with a hydroxycarboxylic ester represented by the following Formula 1: wherein R1 to R3 are as defined in the disclosure. By using only one tertiary amine having at least one substituent different from R1 of the ester moiety of the hydroxycarboxylic ester and by controlling the reaction conditions, a mixture of quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylates having different quaternary ammonium ions is produced. By reacting an inorganic acid with the quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate or its mixture, a quaternary ammonium salt of inorganic acid or its mixture is produced.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium hydroxycarboxylate is produced by quaternizing a tertiary amine with a hydroxycarboxylic ester represented by the following Formula 1: 1

Abstract: 1,5-naphthylenediisocyanate is industrially advantageously produced at high yields by pyrolyzing methyl 1,5-naphthylenecarbamate synthesized by providing 1,5-naphthylenedinitrile as a raw material and carrying out amidation, chlorination and Hofmann rearrangement.

Abstract: Provided a process for producing higher content of trans 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane which is used as the raw material for producing polyamides or polyurethanes having physically and chemically excellent properties from 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane which is generally produced by hydrogenation of p-xylylenediamine.That is, a mixture of cis and trans 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane is isomerized by heating at 120 to 250.degree. C. in the presence of a platinum group catalyst to change to trans isomer. 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane containing more than 80% trans isomer is produced by combining this isomerization technique and crystallization technique.

Abstract: An urethane compound is produced in high yield under mild conditions by reacting a formamide compound with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of basic anion exchange resin as a catalyst or by reacting an amine compound with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of basic anion exchange resin as a catalyst and methyl formate. Separation and recovery of the catalyst and purification of the urethane compound can be carried out very readily, and since control of water content is not particularly required in this invention, an amine compound and dimethyl carbonate of poor quality can be used.