Abstract: A magnetic recording apparatus of a large capacity capable of super-high density recording of 10 Gbits or more per one square inch has a magnetic recording medium prepared by forming a Co alloy magnetic layer by way of an underlayer comprising Co or Cr alloy on a substrate, in which an amorphous or micro crystal seed layer containing at least Ti and Al is disposed between the substrate and the underlayer, the magnetic layer has an h.c.p. structure and is grown to (1.1.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic thin film is used to provide a magnetic recording medium whose noise is low and whose S/N is high. The ferromagnetic thin film as the magnetic film of the magnetic recording medium is such that the fluctuation field of magnetic viscosity at 25° C. at the field strength equal to remanence coercivity or coercivity is not less than 15 oersteds and the coercivity is not less than 2000 oersteds.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic recording medium including a magnetic layer having a fluctuation field defined as S/Xirr, where S is magnetic viscosity and Xirr is irreversible susceptibility Xirr. The fluctuation field of the magnetic layer is not less than 15 oersteds.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium capable of reducing noise and an error rate of the medium comprises a nonmagnetic substrate; a magnetic layer formed on the surface of the nonmagnetic substrate directly or through a nonmagnetic underlayer; and a protective layer formed on the magnetic layer. The magnetic recording medium satisfies the following relationships: −0.5≦{Hc(1)−Hc(p)}/Hc(1)≦0.3 Hc(1)≧2 kOe 20 G×&mgr;m≦Br(1)×t≦100 G×&mgr;m where Hc(1) is a corecivity of the magnetic layer measured in the longitudinal direction; Hc(p) is a coercivity of the magnetic layer measured in the perpendicular direction; Br(1) is a remanent magnetization of the magnetic layer measured in the longitudinal direction; and “t” is a layer thickness of the magnetic layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system high in S/N and low in bit error rate, capable of carrying out writing and reading of high recording density of at least 1 gigabit per 1 square inch and high in reliability can be realized by making the magnetic layer of the magnetic recording medium from a mixture comprising at least one non-magnetic compound selected from the group consisting of oxides and nitrides and a magnetic material comprising Co and Pt as main components and specifying the molar ratio of Pt to Co in the magnetic layer, and employing a magnetoresistive read back magnetic recording head.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic recording medium which has a magnetic layer deposited on a substrate through a single-layer underlayer or a multilayer-underlayer, the magnetic layer includes magnetic crystal grains having an acicular structure or amorphous magnetic particles, an average grain size of the magnetic grain and a grain-size dispersion normalized by the average grain size are less than 16 nm and less than 0.5, respectively, a value Ku.multidot.v/kT which results from dividing a product of a magnetic anisotropy constant Ku and a volume v of the magnetic grain by a product of a Boltzmann constant k and an absolute temperature T is selected to be greater than 60, and a film thickness of the magnetic layer falls within twice of the average grain size.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium having a non-magnetic disk substrate and a magnetic film formed on the surface of the non-magnetic disk substrate, a surface average roughness factor Ra(r) on the surface of the medium being from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, an orientation ratio of coercivity being from 0.1 to 0.7, and an in-plane magnetic anisotropic energy being from 3.times.10.sup.4 J/m.sup.3 to 5.times.10.sup.5 J/m.sup.3. By using such a medium, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus in which the magnetic head is capable of flying in a low position and high-density recording is achieved.

Abstract: The magnetic storage apparatus has a high reliability at a recording density of 2 gigabits or more per square inch. The longitudinal recording media necessary to realize the apparatus has a low media noise and is immune from the influence of thermal fluctuations. The magnetic storage apparatus has a longitudinal magnetic recording media including a magnetic layer which is formed on a substrate via a multi-layered underlayer; a driver for driving the recording media in a recording direction; a magnetic head including a recording section and a read-back section; a driver for moving the magnetic head relatively with respect to the longitudinal magnetic recording media; and a read/write signal processor for processing input signals to the magnetic head and output signal read-back therefrom. The read-back section of the magnetic head includes a magnetoresistive head.

Abstract: A longitudinal magnetic recording medium and a magnetic storage apparatus using the longitudinal magnetic recording medium. The recording medium has a multi-layered underlayer and a magnetic layer formed on it. The underlayer has a first layer of a body-centered cubic structure, a second layer of a hexagonal-close packed structure formed on the first layer, and a third layer of a bcc structure formed on the second layer. The underlayer may further have a fourth layer of an hcp structure layer formed on the third layer.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system high in S/N and low in bit error rate, capable of carrying out writing and reading of high recording density of at least 1 gigabit per 1 square inch and high in reliability can be realized by making the magnetic layer of the magnetic recording medium from a mixture comprising at least one non-magnetic compound selected from the group consisting of oxides and nitrides and a magnetic material comprising Co and Pt as main components and specifying the molar ratio of Pt to Co in the magnetic layer, and employing a magnetoresistive read back magnetic recording head.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a non-magnetic substrate, and a magnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic substrate. The value of the product Br.sub.1 .delta. of the residual flux density Br.sub.1 of the magnetic layer determined in a recording direction and the thickness .delta. of the magnetic layer is not less than 5 G.mu.m and not more than 180 G.mu.m; the value of the ratio of Br.sub.1 to the residual flux density Br.sub.2 determined in a direction parallel to the substrate plane and perpendicular to the recording direction, Br.sub.1 /Br.sub.2, is not less than 1.3 and not more than 3; the surface of the non-magnetic substrate has texture grooves therein extending predominantly in the recording direction; and the average roughness factor Ra of the surface of the magnetic layer determined in a direction perpendicular to the substrate plane and perpendicular to the recording direction is not less than 0.3 nm and not more than 1.9 nm. Alternatively, the value of the product Br.delta.

Abstract: A fluid application apparatus of the present invention includes a rotatable substrate holding mechanism (4), a photoresist liquid supply portion (5) and a motor mechanism (26). The photoresist liquid supply portion (5) supplies resist fluid to a region smaller than the entire region of the substrate surface while moving in the horizontal direction relative to the substrate holding mechanism (4). The motor mechanism (26) rotates the substrate holding mechanism (4) to diffuse the resist fluid over the entire surface of the substrate and form a resist layer having a predetermined thickness.

Abstract: A magnetic recording system includes an intermediate layer arranged between adjacent ones of a plurality of magnetic layers constituting a magnetic recording medium, the magnetic recording medium driven by a drive section in the recording direction, and a magnetic head including a write section and a read-back section set in relative motion with respect to the magnetic recording medium. Signals are applied to the magnetic head and the output signals from the magnetic head are read back by a read/write signal processing device. The read-back section of the magnetic head includes a magnetoresistive magnetic head. The magnetic layers of the magnetic recording medium include crystal grains having different crystal orientations and existing in overlapped positions in the direction perpendicular to the medium surface. High-density information read/write operation thus is made possible with an improved reliability.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium having a nonmagnetic disk substrate and a magnetic film formed on the surface of the non-magnetic disk substrate, a surface average roughness factor Ra(r) on the surface of the medium being from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, an orientation ratio of coercivity being from 0.1 to 0.7, and an in-plane magnetic anisotropic energy being from 3.times.10.sup.4 J/m.sup.3 to 5.times.10.sup.5 J/m.sup.3. By using such a medium, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus in which the magnetic head is capable of flying in a low position and high-density recording is achieved.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording system including magnetic recording media, a rotation driving unit for driving these magnetic recording media, read/write magnetic heads, driving apparatus for driving these read/write magnetic heads, and a read/write signal processing apparatus, a reading portion of the respective magnetic heads is arranged by a magnetoresistive head. The magnetic recording media are constructed of multi-layered magnetic media having a plurality of magnetic layers fabricated directly, or via underlayers on a non-magnetic disk substrate, and of non-magnetic intermediate layers arranged among these non-magnetic layers.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a high coercivity and a high S/N ratio for high-density operation can include either a conductive or a nonconductive substrate. If the substrate is nonconductive, a conducting precoat layer is formed over the substrate. Further, an underlayer may be provided, over which a magnetic layer is formed by a bias sputtering method. The bias sputtering method may use Kr, Xe or Rn as a sputter gas, and employs a negative bias voltage. The magnetic recording medium has a product of remanent magnetization and magnetic layer thickness of 10-150 G.multidot..mu.m and a coercivity of 1600-4000 Oe. In combination with this magnetic recording medium, a large-capacity magnetic recording system has a write head that uses a magnetic material having a saturation magnetic flux density of more than 1.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic recording medium improves the magnetostatic and dynamic magnetic characteristics of the conventional magnetic recording media. In one embodiment, the substrate surface is textured in both the circumferential and radial directions. In further embodiments, a variety of underlayers (13) and crystal orientation control layers (17) are provided in accordance with specific parameters to control the crystal structure of the magnetic layer (14). Finally, an embodiment includes multiple magnetic layers (14, 19) having respectively different residual magnetic flux densities and thicknesses, but similar dot products of residual magnetic flux density and thickness.

Abstract: An automatic infinitesimal liquid reactor equipped with a pipetter for dispensing reagents employs two stages which are capable of sliding horizontally. A microplate which has a plurality of recesses in rows is placed in one stage and reagent bottles are placed on the other stage. The pipetter is supported on a horizontal guide rail operating slidably horizontally and along an axis perpendicular to the direction in which the two stages slide. The horizontal guide rail is supported on a vertical guide rail so as to operate slidably in a vertical direction. Thus the pipetter can be moved in a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the two stages slide. When reagents are sucked from reagent bottles, the second stage is slid so that a reagent bottle is superposed below the pipetter and the pipetter is moved downwardly into the reagent bottle to draw in a reagent.

Abstract: A multiplexing liquid crystal display device having a plurality of scanned display electrodes and a plurality of signal display electrodes crossing each other sandwiching a liquid crystal layer therebetween. The scanned display electrodes include at least one electrode which is not utilized for displaying a figure while the figure is displayed by the rest of the scanned display electrodes and the signal display electrodes. A nonselect display voltage is continuously applied to the electrode not utilized for displaying the figure and a scanned select display voltage is applied to the rest of the scanned display electrodes. The electrode not utilized for displaying the figure may be switched among the different scanned display electrode for changing the format of the display.