Abstract: An electro-mechanical transducer having a first layer made of piezoelectric material having opposing major surfaces, a pair of electrodes formed on the major surfaces of the first layer, respectively, and a second layer clamped at its one surface to one of the surfaces of the first layer. In this case, the first layer has a Young's modulus of E, the second layer has a Young's modulus of Ex in one direction and a Young's modulus Ey in the direction perpendicular to the one direction in the major surface, The Young's moduli E, Ex, Ey satisfy the relation E>Ey, Ex>Ey, and one end of the first and second layers along the one direction is clamped.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave apparatus is disclosed in which a conductive earth pattern is formed on almost all the upper surface of a header, a surface acoustic wave element is provided on the header through the conductive earth pattern, and the conductive earth pattern is separated between an input side earth pin and an output side earth pin.

Abstract: An integrally sintered ceramic complex which is suitable for use as a substrate of a surface acoustic wave device and can effectively reduce unnecessary ultrasonic waves.The method of manufacturing the integrally sintered ceramic complex is also disclosed.The disclosed ceramic complex comprises a first ceramic portion made of densely sintered piezoelectric ceramic material and a second ceramic portion made of porously sintered ceramic material. Both the ceramic portions are sintered integrally, and the second portion surrounds the first portion.The operating area of the surface acoustic wave device is formed on the surface of the first ceramic portion.