Abstract: An electret includes a composite oxide having an ABO3 type perovskite structure containing two different metal elements A and B. The composite oxide is in a polarized state, at least a part of one of the metal elements A and B is substituted with a dopant element having a lower valence than the one of the metal elements A and B, and the composite oxide has a bandgap energy of 4 eV or more.

Abstract: An electret includes a composite oxide having an ABO3 type perovskite structure containing two different metal elements A and B. The composite oxide is in a polarized state, at least a part of one of the metal elements A and B is substituted with a dopant element having a lower valence than the one of the metal elements A and B, and the composite oxide has a bandgap energy of 4 eV or more.

Abstract: A composite component is a composite component to be fixed to another component. The composite component includes: a first member formed of a first material, and a second member formed of a second material different from the first material, the second member a part of which is covered with the first member. The second member includes a protruding portion protruding in a convex shape from the first member. The protruding portion includes a fixing portion which is provided at least in a part of the protruding portion and to which the other component is to be fixed.

Abstract: A cast-in insertion member out of which a core inserted during casting of cast portion can easily be pulled, and production method thereof are provided. Inside covering portion is formed to cover the interior of one end of pipe. During the casting, inside covering portion is interposed between the inner surface of the one end of pipe and the outer surface of the tip of the core put into pipe, so that a bite between pipe and the core by contraction of pipe due to molding shrinkage of cast portion can be prevented. Inside covering portion includes tapered surface on the side of recess, which gradually widens from the one end to the other end of pipe. After molding of cast portion, tapered surface making contact with the outer surface of the tip of the core gradually widens in the direction opposite to that of putting the core into pipe.

Abstract: The present invention is a preprocessing apparatus including a voice input apparatus for acquiring an uttered voice, an analog-digital conversion apparatus for converting the acquired uttered voice to digital voice data, and a comparator for selecting voice data, having a level which is equal to or higher than a certain level, from the digital voice data and for outputting the selected voice data. The preprocessing apparatus also includes a voice data cutout apparatus capable of cutting out voice data having a level which is equal to or higher than a certain level output from the comparator, while taking a phoneme as a unit, and a voice data output apparatus for outputting voice data of the phoneme unit output from the voice data cutout apparatus.

Abstract: A preprocessing apparatus includes a voice input apparatus 2 for acquiring uttered voice; an analog-digital conversion apparatus 3 for converting the uttered voice acquired by the voice input apparatus 2 to digital voice data; a comparator 4 for selecting voice data having a level which is equal to or higher than a certain level, from the digital voice data output from the analog-digital conversion apparatus 3 and outputting the voice data thus selected; a voice data cutout apparatus 11 capable of cutting out voice data having a level which is equal to or higher than a certain level output from the comparator 4, while taking a phoneme as unit; and a voice data output apparatus 10 for outputting voice data of phoneme unit output from the voice data cutout apparatus 11.