Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains contain at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide and a metal hydroxide, the metal compound contains a metal capable of taking a plurality of valences, and when the slurry is brought into contact with a surface to be polished to bring the abrasive grains into contact with the surface to be polished, the slurry yields 0.13 or more in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a ratio of the lowest valence among the plurality of valences of the metal.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, the second particles contain at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide and a metal hydroxide, the metal compound contains a metal capable of taking a plurality of valences, and a ratio of the lowest valence among the plurality of valences of the metal is 0.10 or more in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Abstract: A method for insertion into a bile duct includes inserting a first device from a duodenum into an opening of a papilla, and advancing a second device within the bile duct while pulling the papilla with the first device.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains contain at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide and a metal hydroxide, the metal compound contains a metal capable of taking a plurality of valences, and when the slurry is brought into contact with a surface to be polished to bring the abrasive grains into contact with the surface to be polished, the slurry yields 0.13 or more in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a ratio of the lowest valence among the plurality of valences of the metal.

Abstract: A polishing liquid containing abrasive grains, a hydroxy acid, a polyol, a cationic compound, and a liquid medium, in which a zeta potential of the abrasive grains is positive and a weight average molecular weight of the cationic compound is less than 1000.

Abstract: A polishing liquid containing abrasive grains, a hydroxy acid, a polyol, a cationic compound, and a liquid medium, in which a zeta potential of the abrasive grains is positive and a weight average molecular weight of the cationic compound is less than 1000.

Abstract: A polishing liquid containing: abrasive grains; a hydroxy acid; a polymer compound having at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group and an amide group; and a liquid medium, in which a zeta potential of the abrasive grains is positive, and a weight average molecular weight of the polymer compound is 3000 or more.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains, a liquid medium, and a salt of a compound represented by formula (1) below, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, and the second particles contain a hydroxide of a tetravalent metal element. [In formula (1), R represents a hydroxyl group or a monovalent organic group].

Abstract: A polishing liquid containing: abrasive grains; at least one hydroxy acid component selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy acid and a salt thereof; and a compound Z, in which the compound Z has a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted and a polyoxyalkylene group, and a Z value represented by General Formula (1) below is 20 or more: Z = 0 .1 × a 2 × b/c … [in Formula (1), ?a? represents the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon group, ?b? represents the total number of oxyalkylene groups in the compound Z, and ?c? represents an HLB value of the compound Z.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, a particle size of the second particles is smaller than a particle size of the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 0.1% by mass, an absorbance for light having a wavelength of 380 nm in a liquid phase obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 5 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 5.8×104 G exceeds 0.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, a particle size of the second particles is smaller than a particle size of the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 0.1% by mass, a BET specific surface area of a solid phase obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 60 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 1.1×104 G is 40 m2/g or more.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and an Rsp value calculated by Formula (1) below is 1.60 or more: Rsp=(Tb/Tav)?1??(1) [in the formula, Tav represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of the slurry in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass, and Tb represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of a supernatant solution obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 50 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 2.36×105 G in a case where the content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass, a BET specific surface area of a solid phase obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 30 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 1.1×104 G is 24 m2/g or more.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and an Rsp value calculated by Formula (1) below is 1.60 or more: Rsp=(Tb/Tav)?1??(1) [in the formula, Tav represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of the slurry in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass, and Tb represents a relaxation time (unit: ms) obtained by pulsed NMR measurement of a supernatant solution obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 50 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 2.36×105 G in a case where the content of the abrasive grains is 2.0% by mass.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a polishing liquid containing abrasive grains, a hydroxy acid, a polyol, at least one zwitterionic compound selected from the group consisting of an aminocarboxylic acid and an aminosulfonic acid, and a liquid medium, in which a zeta potential of the abrasive grains is positive, an isoelectric point of the aminocarboxylic acid is smaller than 7.0, and pKa of the aminosulfonic acid is larger than 0.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a polishing liquid containing abrasive grains, a hydroxy acid, a polyol, at least one zwitterionic compound selected from the group consisting of an aminocarboxylic acid and an aminosulfonic acid, and a liquid medium, in which a zeta potential of the abrasive grains is positive, an isoelectric point of the aminocarboxylic acid is smaller than 7.0, and pKa of the aminosulfonic acid is larger than 0.

Abstract: A slurry for polishing a carbon-containing silicon oxide, the slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, a particle size of the second particles is smaller than a particle size of the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, and the second particles contain a cerium compound.

Abstract: A polishing liquid containing abrasive grains, a hydroxy acid, a polyol, a cationic compound, and a liquid medium, in which a zeta potential of the abrasive grains is positive and a weight average molecular weight of the cationic compound is less than 1000.

Abstract: A polishing liquid containing abrasive grains, a hydroxy acid, a polyol, a cationic compound, and a liquid medium, in which a zeta potential of the abrasive grains is positive and a weight average molecular weight of the cationic compound is less than 1000.

Abstract: A slurry containing abrasive grains and a liquid medium, in which the abrasive grains include first particles and second particles in contact with the first particles, a particle size of the second particles is smaller than a particle size of the first particles, the first particles contain cerium oxide, the second particles contain a cerium compound, and in a case where a content of the abrasive grains is 0.1% by mass, an absorbance for light having a wavelength of 380 nm in a liquid phase obtained when the slurry is subjected to centrifugal separation for 5 minutes at a centrifugal acceleration of 5.8×104 G exceeds 0.