Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel in which a sealing layer is formed so as to enclose an internal space created between a pair of opposite front and back substrates, and the sealing material is heated to soften at a predetermined temperature and fuse to the substrates to seal the internal space. A primary evacuation process for evacuation of the discharge space and an introduction process for introducing replacement gas into the discharge space undergoing the primary evacuation process are performed after a temperature for heating the sealing layer reaches a starting temperature for softening the sealing layer and before the sealing process for sealing the discharge space with the sealing layer is performed.

Abstract: A first positioning mark is formed at four corners of the outer side of the display area of a front substrate at the same step as the step of forming transparent electrodes. The first positioning marks are made of the same material as the material of transparent conductive films and formed in the same layer as a layer in which the transparent electrodes are formed. A second positioning mark is formed at four corners of the outer side of the display area of a back substrate at the same step as the step of forming partition walls. The second positioning marks are made of the same material as the material of glass layers containing white pigments and formed in the same layer as a layer in which the partition walls are formed. The positioning of the transparent display electrodes as well as the partition walls are directly carried out.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel in which a sealing layer is formed so as to enclose an internal space created between a pair of opposite front and back substrates, and the sealing material is heated to soften at a predetermined temperature and fuse to the substrates to seal the internal space. A primary evacuation process for evacuation of the discharge space and an introduction process for introducing replacement gas into the discharge space undergoing the primary evacuation process are performed after a temperature for heating the sealing layer reaches a starting temperature for softening the sealing layer and before the sealing process for sealing the discharge space with the sealing layer is performed.

Abstract: A flat display panel has a ventilation hole formed in a back glass substrate facing a front glass substrate with a space in between, and provides communication between the space and the exterior. A ventilation duct is connected to the ventilation hole and secured with a pressed frit to the outer face of the back glass substrate. The ventilation duct has a flange formed at one end thereof connected with the back glass substrate. The pressed frit having a ventilation hole is sandwiched between the flange and the back glass substrate, and fused to the flange and the back glass substrate in order for the ventilation duct to be secured to the back glass substrate.

Abstract: A first positioning mark is formed at four corners of the outer side of the display area of a front substrate at the same step as the step of forming transparent electrodes. The first positioning marks are made of the same material as the material of transparent conductive films and formed in the same layer as a layer in which the transparent electrodes are formed. A second positioning mark is formed at four corners of the outer side of the display area of a back substrate at the same step as the step of forming partition walls. The second positioning marks are made of the same material as the material of glass layers containing white pigments and formed in the same layer as a layer in which the partition walls are formed. The positioning of the transparent display electrodes as well as the partition walls are directly carried out.

Abstract: A flat display panel has a ventilation hole formed in a back glass substrate facing a front glass substrate with a space in between, and provides communication between the space and the exterior. A ventilation duct is connected to the ventilation hole and secured with a pressed frit to the outer face of the back glass substrate. The ventilation duct has a flange formed at one end thereof connected with the back glass substrate. The pressed frit having a ventilation hole is sandwiched between the flange and the back glass substrate, and fused to the flange and the back glass substrate in order for the ventilation duct to be secured to the back glass substrate.

Abstract: An optical mother disc recording apparatus is disclosed, which can effectively solve problems including a decrease in film thickness and the like and can be miniaturized. The optical mother disc recording apparatus comprises a turntable for supporting an optical mother disc having a transparent substrate on which a photoresist layer is formed; a motor for rotating and driving the turntable; and optical means for irradiating a laser beam modulated by an information signal onto the optical mother disc, wherein the transparent substrate has a thickness within the range from 0.4 mm to 4.0 mm and a diameter within the range from 70 mm to 400 mm, and the turntable is capable of being in contact with an area on the inside and/or outside of a recording area of the optical mother disc. The outermost radius of the turntable is smaller than the innermost radius of the recording area of the optical mother disc.

Abstract: An optical apparatus including a luminous flux shaping filter for converting a shape of an incident beam without bending an optical path of the incident beam. A light beam emitted from a focusing laser source comprising a semiconductor laser is converted into a parallel light beam by a collimator lens, and then enters the luminous flux shaping filter. The luminous flux shaping filter is positioned on an optical path in the apparatus in the manner that a major axis of an oval light beam from the collimator lens is perpendicular to a longitudinal area in which the transmittance is the highest in the filter. As a result, the luminous flux shaping filter converts the oval light beam into a substantially circular light beam without bending an optical path of the light beam.

Abstract: A master optical disk recording apparatus forms a train of pits on a recording layer of a master optical disk by a laser beam which is emitted from the laser light source and is modulated by an acousto-optic modulator. An objective lens in the recording apparatus consists of a finite conjugate type lens and a convergence point on the acousto-optic modulation element where the laser beam is converged by a convergence lens is positioned outside of the focal point of the objective lens at the incidence side thereof.

Abstract: An optical reproducing system has a first optical path from a light source to an optical disc, and a second optical path from the optical disc to a photodetector. An objective lens is provided in the first optical path for forming an a non-collimated beam applied to the optical disc. A profile conversion filter having an angle dependent transmittance characteristic is provided between the objective lens and the optical disc.

Abstract: An optical axis monitoring apparatus for monitoring a variation in the optical axis of light beams in an optical system. The apparatus includes a light source for generating a light beam to propagate along a first optical path. A diffraction optical element is disposed along the first optical path for diffracting the light beam into at least two orders of diffraction. At least one of the orders of diffraction propagates along the first optical path and another of the orders of diffraction propagates along a second optical path. A first monitoring element id disposed along the first optical path between the light source and the diffraction optical element for monitoring the first light beam and generating an incoming beam signal in response to light incident thereon. The incoming beam signal being indicative of the condition of the first light beam. A second monitoring element is disposed opposite the diffraction optical element from the first monitoring element and along said the second optical path.

Abstract: A light beam spot size measuring device comprises an optical magnifying system. The magnifying system receives an image of the recording light beam spot formed within an optical recording apparatus, and magnifies it. Then the converter receives the magnified image of the beam spot formed on the pickup surface thereof so as to produce an output signal representing the size of the beam spot. An attenuator device attenuates the intensity of the image of the laser beam spot during magnification. The image of the beam spot therefore can be currently measured on the basis of the output signal even with the high intensity of the recording light beam.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the amount of deviation of a light beam in an optical system with which the freedom of design of the system is significantly improved. For each position at which the amount of deviation is to be measured, a beam splitter is provided to divide the light beam at that point into a main beam and a sub-beam. The sub-beam is applied to an optical position detector which detects the amount of deviation of the sub-beam from a predetermined position on the detector, that deviation being related to the amount of deviation of the main beam from its designated optical path. The output of the position detector is used to correct the position of the main beam.