Abstract: A boosting converter boosts a battery voltage by a charge pump circuit and then outputs a boosted voltage. A detected output voltage of the charge pump circuit is fed back to a regulator circuit. A reference voltage comparator compares the detected output voltage with a reference voltage and, according to the comparison result, performs an ON/OFF control of a transistor, thereby adjusting the power from the battery voltage and supplying it as an input voltage to the charge pump circuit. A power supply voltage comparator compares a detected battery voltage with a reference battery voltage. According to the comparison result, the power supply voltage comparator sends a boosting rate select signal to the charge pump circuit, thereby switching the boosting rate of the charge pump.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal device capable of controlling leakage current of a thin-film transistor to an extremely low level, making it easy to achieve extra-high definition of pixels, and to provide electronic equipment having the liquid crystal device, a liquid crystal device includes a TFT of a P-type transistor having a semiconductor layer formed of polysilicon, and a plurality of gate electrodes that intersect with the semiconductor layer at a plurality of locations. The liquid crystal device has an LDD structure in which lightly doped regions are formed on both sides of each channel region of the semiconductor layer. A light shielding device (a light shielding film and a data line branched portion) are provided on both sides in the direction of the thickness of the thin-film transistor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chemical mechanical polishing slurry comprising polishing grains, ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent, 1,2,4-triazole as a polishing promoter for a copper metal film and water and having a pH within a range of 3 to 4. The polishing slurry is suitable for forming a damascene copper-based metal interconnection comprising a tantalumr-based metal as a barrier metal film material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a slurry for chemical mechanical polishing, which contains a silica polishing material, an oxidizing agent, a benzotriazole-based compound, a diketone and water.

Abstract: A bimetal 40 is secured at a holding portion 40b to a fixed pin 52 and a snap portion 40a is supported by a support portion 12a. The free end 40a" of the snap portion 40a comes in contact with a movable contact plate 30 to thereby rock the plate 30. The displacement of the snap portion 40a is restricted at a boundary end portion 40a' by the holding portion 40b. Due to this, when the thermal protector carries out a snap action (or is reversed), the snap portion 40a is rocked like a lever around the support portion 12a supporting the snap portion 40a, and the free end 40a" of the snap portion 40a is greatly displaced. Thus, the travelling distance by which the movable contact 32 travels when the movable contact plate 30 is rocked, can be increased. This can prevent a delay in snap.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a polarization scrambler wherein the polarization of linearly polarized signal light can be rotated to facilitate obtaining a minimum degree of polarization, and wherein scrambling operation is possible even if signal light of optional polarization states is input. Accordingly with the polarization scrambler, a polarization rotation section is provided on an input side on a chip on which is formed an optical waveguide, and a polarization scrambling section is provided on an output side. With the polarization rotation section, the polarization of linearly polarized signal light which is transmitted by the optical waveguide is rotated by means of an acousto-optic effect due to an elastic surface wave generated by an electrode, so as to become 45.degree. with respect to a vertical direction of the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device including a package housing having an element mounting surface, an element inserting groove opening to the element mounting surface, and a cutout as a space opening to an inner surface of the element inserting groove; and an optical waveguide element having a dielectric substrate, an optical waveguide formed in a surface of the dielectric substrate, and an electrode formed over the surface of the dielectric substrate, the optical waveguide element being inserted and fixed in the element inserting groove of the package housing by using an adhesive. The cutout opens also to the element mounting surface. In applying the adhesive to the bottom surface of the element inserting groove and inserting the optical waveguide element into the element inserting groove, the adhesive flows into the cutout and is prevented from flowing up to the element mounting surface.