Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate having scanning electrodes, a second substrate having information electrodes, the scanning electrodes and the information electrodes forming a matrix electrode structure, and a liquid crystal interposed between the first and second substrates, a clock generator circuit for generating clock pulses, scanning electrode drivers for forming a scanning signal and applying the scanning signal to one of the scanning electrodes each time a clock pulse is supplied from the clock generator circuit, and information electrode drivers for forming an information signal and applying the information signal to the information electrodes each time a clock pulse is supplied from the clock generator circuit. The width .delta.t0 of at least one of a plurality of clock pulses SCLK supplied from the clock generator circuit in one horizontal scanning period T is different from the width .delta.t1 of the other clock pulses.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium including a substrate and a magnetic layer on the substrate which is a Co-based alloy including Pt and/or Ir, including at least one of Ti, Zr, Hr, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ge, and Si, and including oxygen. A magnetic memory apparatus including the magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal device formed by a pair of substrates having thereon a group of scanning electrodes and a group of data electrodes intersecting the scanning electrodes so as to form an electrode matrix, and a liquid crystal disposed between the substrates so as to form a pixel at each intersection of the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes; and temperature-detection means for detecting a temperature of the liquid crystal device. The liquid crystal device is driven by applying a scanning signal comprising a clear pulse, a write pulse and a correction pulse to the scanning electrodes and for applying data signals to the data electrodes in synchronism with the scanning signal, while changing a voltage level of the correction pulse based on temperature data from the temperature-detection means. As a result, the liquid crystal device can effect a stable display over the entire area even if it has a temperature distribution therealong.

Abstract: A display apparatus is constituted by at least one display panel, such as a liquid crystal panel, so as to include a first display region and a second display region. At least one of the first and second display regions is provided with a memory characteristic so as to avoid the use of a special memorization means, such as a non-volatile memory or a temporary power supply. The first display region is used to effect an ordinary display, and the second display region is used to display system data. As a result, loss of data at the time of power supply interruption is prevented inexpensively, so as to recognize both stored display data and system data, such as error data and start up state data.

Abstract: A magnetic disk unit has a magnetic head-disk stickiness eliminating mechanism suitable for a small-sized, low power consumption type magnetic disk unit of a high recording density. The magnetic disk unit has a housing in which is enclosed a magnetic disk medium made of glass, a spindle and a spindle motor for driving the magnetic medium in rotation, a slider for supporting a magnetic head and an actuator for positioning the magnetic head. An impact force applying mechanism mounted adjacent the housing applies an impact force to the housing for manually imposing a predetermined certain impact force on the housing. By applying an impact force manually to the housing before use of the magnetic disk unit or when the disk unit becomes inoperative due to sticking, it is possible to easily eliminate the sticking phenomenon between the magnetic head and the magnetic disk medium, thus permitting operation of the magnetic disk unit.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus for presenting a high-quality image at a reduced power consumption comprises a liquid crystal display panel having scanning-signal electrodes and information-signal electrodes arranged in a matrix configuration, liquid crystals interposed between the scanning-signal electrodes and the information-signal electrodes, information electrode driving means for applying an information-signal voltage waveform to the information-signal electrodes, and scanning electrode driving means for applying a scanning-signal voltage waveform to the scanning-signal electrodes. The frequency of information-signal voltage waveform is lowered without changing the frame frequency of the apparatus by allowing two lines of scanning-signal electrodes to scan during a write pulse having a pulse length of .DELTA.T within one scanning period to select presentations of two pixels for each information-signal electrode.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium for longitudinal recording with a low media noise, a high S/N ratio and high reliabilities in corrosion resistance is disclosed. By making a magnetic layer from a Co-based alloy comprising 1 to 35 at. % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Pt and Ir, 1 to 17 at. % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Ge and Si, except for Si, whose concentration is 1 to 40 at. %, and 0.1 to 10 at. % of oxygen, a magnetic recording medium for longitudinal recording having an inplane coercivity of 1,200 Oe or more and a coercive squares of not more than 0.85 is obtained.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium used in a magnetic recording apparatus has a non-magnetic substrate, a magnetic film formed on the substrate, an optional protective film formed on the magnetic film and a lubricating layer formed on the top surface of the medium. The lubricating layer is made of an organic polymer lubricant having molecules with an interstitial radius of not more that 0.31 nm. The interstitial radius is affected by coating the lubricant on the protective film after the protective film has been cleaned with a surface treatment, such as an oxygen plasma treatment or an ozone treatment. By maintaining the interstitial radius between molecules of the lubricant layer equal to or less than 0.31 nm, water and corrosive molecules in water cannot penetrate the lubricating layer and corrode the magnetic film. Also, the lubricant layer provides good sliding durability with a resultant long CSS life.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic recording medium improves the magnetostatic and dynamic magnetic characteristics of the conventional magnetic recording media. In one embodiment, the substrate surface is textured in both the circumferential and radial directions. In further embodiments, a variety of underlayers (13) and crystal orientation control layers (17) are provided in accordance with specific parameters to control the crystal structure of the magnetic layer (14). Finally, an embodiment includes multiple magnetic layers (14, 19) having respectively different residual magnetic flux densities and thicknesses, but similar dot products of residual magnetic flux density and thickness.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium that uses, as a protective coating layer provided on a magnetic layer for magnetically recording signals, a layer made of a nonmagnetic material consisting of two ore more elements of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, and one or more elements of N, C, O, and B, or made of a magnetic material consisting of one or more elements of Co, Fe, Ni, and Gd, one or more elements of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and W, and one or more elements of N, C, O, B, and Si is excellent in sliding endurance. When the protective coating layer is made of the nonmagnetic material, the magnetic recording medium is also excellent in corrosion resistance, and when the protective coating layer is made of the magnetic material, the spacing between a magnetic head and the magnetic recording medium can advantageously be made large. Both the cases are high in reliability, and suitable for high density magnetic recording.

Abstract: Disclosed are longitudinal recording media comprising a composite magnetic film formed on a nonmagnetic substrate directly or through a nonmagnetic underlayer, in which all of magnetic thin films constituting the composite magnetic film are magnetically connected, the composite magnetic film has a single in-plane coercivity, and the in-plane coercivity is greater than the in-plane coercivity of a longitudinal magnetically anisotropic magnetic thin film constituting a magnetic thin film nearest to an information recording side among the magnetic thin films constituting the composite film.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium for longitudinal recording with a low media noise, a high S/N ratio and high reliabilities in corrosion resistance is disclosed. By making a magnetic layer from a Co-based alloy comprising 1 to 35 at. % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Pt and Ir, 1 to 17 at. % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W. Ge and Si, except for Si, whose concentration is 1 to 40 at. %, and 0.1 to 10 at. % of oxygen, a magnetic recording medium for longitudinal recording having an inplane coercivity of 1,200 Oe or more and a coercive squares of not more than 0.85 is obtained.A process for producing the magnetic recording medium for longitudinal medium and a magnetic memory apparatus using the magnetic recording medium for longitudinal recording are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a magnetic recording medium having a magnetic recording layer formed of a magnetic thin film in which rotational hysteresis integral R.sub.H is within a range of from 0.4 to 1.3 in the measurement by a torque magnetometer, and a continuous magnetic recording medium in which crystal grains are substantially randomly arranged on the upper surface of a magnetic recording layer or on the surface of a non-magnetic subbing layer, and in which each of the crystal grains is made to be in the form of an ellipsoid or needle and to have a length-ways axial ratio of a major axis to a minor axis not smaller than 2, more preferably, not smaller than 4.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium in which a non-magnetic intermediate layer made of an alloy substantially composed of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zr, Hf, Ta, Ti and Nb is disposed between a magnetic layer formed on a substrate and a non-magnetic overcoat layer formed on the magnetic layer. Since the impact shock resistance and the vibration resistance of the magnetic recording medium can be improved and the head-medium spacing of the magnetic disc apparatus can be decreased extremely by disposing the non-magnetic intermediate layer, it can provide a increase in the recording density, particularly, in a thin film type magnetic recording medium using a metallic magnetic thin film or metal oxide thin film as the magnetic layer. It can also improve the corrosion resistance in the case of a metallic magnetic thin film type medium.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having a magnetic film formed on a substrate directly or through an underlayer from an alloy containing Co as a principal component. The central line average surface roughness Ra and maximum surface roughness Rmax of the magnetic film in a direction perpendicular to the direction of magnetic recording are selected so as to fall within the ranges of 1 nm.ltoreq.Ra.ltoreq.20 nm and Rmax.ltoreq.25 Ra, respectively, and the in-plane magnetic anisotropy energy Ku of the magnetic film is selected to fall within the range of 0.ltoreq.Ku.ltoreq.8.times.10.sup.5 erg/cm.sup.3. Thus, it is possible to minimize the value of modulation which represents the degree of variation of read output on the same circumference of a magnetic disk. It is also possible to reduce the noise generated in read and write operations by forming the magnetic film so as have no crystallographic orientation.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium including an underlayer and a magnetic layer formed sequentially on a substrate, the underlayer is composed of a composite underlayer having an at least two-layered structure, the underlayer on the side of the substrate is made of a material providing low modulation to the magnetic recording medium while the underlayer on the side of the magnetic layer is made of a material providing a high S/N ratio to the medium. This makes it possible to obtain a magnetic recording medium having low modulation and high S/N ratio.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which has a magnetic coating film that contains magnetic particles in a binder and which further has a lubricating layer formed on the magnetic coating film. The magnetic coating film has a surface that is processed with both a fluorinated surface treatment agent that bonds to the magnetic particles and a fluorinated surface treatment agent that bonds to the binder. The magnetic recording medium exhibits markedly improved sliding strength when the surface treatment agents and the lubricant have similar molecular structures. It is particularly preferred that the fundamental skeleton in the molecular structure of the surface treatment agents and the lubricant consists of a perfluoropolyether chain.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic recording medium of the magnetic metal thin-film type for longitudinal recording, in which the noise is reduced by selecting the value of maximum torque L (the product of magnetic anisotropy energy Ku and magnetic layer volume v; as measured by setting the axis of rotation in plane of the medium) and the value of magnetic flux .phi. (the product of saturation magnetization Ms and magnetic layer volume v) from a range defined by 0<L/(2.pi..multidot..phi..sup.2)<4.times.10.sup.5 (erg/emu.sup.2).

Abstract: The invention provides magnetic recording media such as magnetic disks, etc., with an improved lubricant composition of perfluoroalkylpolyether with a polar terminal group and perfluoroalkylpolyether without a polar terminal group on the surfaces.