Abstract: A medium feed apparatus includes a stacking tray, a pick roller located at an upstream side from a feed roller and separation roller in the medium conveyance direction, a first sensor located at an upstream side from the pick roller in the medium conveyance direction, a second sensor located at a downstream side from the feed roller and the separation roller in the medium conveyance direction, and a processor to rotate the pick roller and the feed roller in a medium feed direction to feed a plurality of sheets of the medium stacked on the stacking. The processor stops the pick roller when the second sensor detects a front end of a preceding sheet of the medium and rotates the pick roller again to advance a succeeding sheet of the medium when the first sensor detects a back end of the preceding sheet of the medium.

Abstract: A medium feed apparatus includes a first sensor, a second sensor, a third sensor to detect rotation of the separation roller, and a processor. The processor controls a motor to put the separation roller on hold from when starting the feed of the medium to when the second sensor detects a front end of the medium and generate the drive force from when the second sensor detects the front end of the medium to when the first sensor detects a back end of the medium, and controls the motor to stop the feed roller while generating the drive force if the third sensor detects rotation of the separation roller in the opposite direction to the medium feed direction during feed of the medium.

Abstract: A shift device in which a press-fit column of a control lever is press-fitted into and passed through a press-fit hole in a boot such that the boot forms a seal between the upper side and the lower side of the press-fit hole. A press-fit interference amount between the press-fit column and the press-fit hole is larger at a length direction intermediate side of the press-fit hole than at a length direction end portion side of the press-fit hole. This enables a reduction in the contact force between the press-fit column and a peripheral face of the press-fit hole at the length direction intermediate side of the press-fit hole to be suppressed, enabling the sealing performance of the press-fit hole in the boot to be improved.

Abstract: This speed reducer with an electric motor has: a hollow shaft; a casing fixed to the hollow shaft; a fixed part that is relatively stationary with respect to the casing; an electric motor; a speed reduction mechanism; an output part; and a torque sensor that is connected to the casing and the fixed part. The torque sensor has an elastically deformable strain body that has an annular outer ring and an annular inner ring and a plurality of strain sensors. The outer ring and the inner ring are respectively located at an end portion on the radial outside and the radial inside of the torque sensor and is connected to one of the casing and the fixed part. Each of the plurality of strain sensors is at least partially located in a radial direction between the outer ring and the inner ring.

Abstract: A shift device in which a press-fit column of a control lever is press-fitted into and passed through a press-fit hole in a boot such that the boot forms a seal between the upper side and the lower side of the press-fit hole. A press-fit interference amount between the press-fit column and the press-fit hole is larger at a length direction intermediate side of the press-fit hole than at a length direction end portion side of the press-fit hole. This enables a reduction in the contact force between the press-fit column and a peripheral face of the press-fit hole at the length direction intermediate side of the press-fit hole to be suppressed, enabling the sealing performance of the press-fit hole in the boot to be improved.

Abstract: In a speed reducing unit with an electric motor, a speed reduction mechanism has: an elliptical cam that rotates together with a rotating part; a flexible external gear that deforms according to the rotation of the elliptical cam; a flexible bearing that is located between the elliptical cam and the flexible external gear; and a movable internal gear that rotates together with an output part. The flexible external gear and the movable internal gear are engaged with each other. The electric motor has: a rotor holder that is part of the rotating part and that rotates together with the elliptical cam; a rotor magnet that is fixed to the rotor holder; and a stator that is fixed to a casing. The rotor holder has a rotor-holder lid part, and the positions of the rotor-holder lid part and the flexible bearing in the axial direction at least partially overlap.

Abstract: This speed reducer with an electric motor has: a hollow shaft; a casing fixed to the hollow shaft; a fixed part that is relatively stationary with respect to the casing; an electric motor; a speed reduction mechanism; an output part; and a torque sensor that is connected to the casing and the fixed part. The torque sensor has an elastically deformable strain body that has an annular outer ring and an annular inner ring and a plurality of strain sensors. The outer ring and the inner ring are respectively located at an end portion on the radial outside and the radial inside of the torque sensor and is connected to one of the casing and the fixed part. Each of the plurality of strain sensors is at least partially located in a radial direction between the outer ring and the inner ring.

Abstract: In a speed reducing unit with an electric motor, a speed reduction mechanism has: an elliptical cam that rotates together with a rotating part; a flexible external gear that deforms according to the rotation of the elliptical cam; a flexible bearing that is located between the elliptical cam and the flexible external gear; and a movable internal gear that rotates together with an output part. The flexible external gear and the movable internal gear are engaged with each other. The electric motor has: a rotor holder that is part of the rotating part and that rotates together with the elliptical cam; a rotor magnet that is fixed to the rotor holder; and a stator that is fixed to a casing. The rotor holder has a rotor-holder lid part, and the positions of the rotor-holder lid part and the flexible bearing in the axial direction at least partially overlap.

Abstract: An optical apparatus provided with an optical modulator having an periodic characteristic for input drive signal to output light, and modulating an input light into a signal light based on a tertiary drive signal with a bias level controlled to a level corresponding to a bottom of the periodic characteristic providing a minimum optical output; and a controller controlling the level of the signal light by controlling the amplitude of the a tertiary drive signal based on the monitored level of the signal light.

Abstract: A constant current driving circuit for supplying a constant current to a load circuit includes: a first driver circuit having a pulse width converting circuit for converting a first difference detection signal into a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to a signal level of the first difference detection signal, a switch turned on/off on a basis of the pulse signal, and a smoothing circuit for supplying a smoothed first load current to the load circuit; a first current detecting circuit for converting the first load current into a first voltage corresponding to the first load current, and outputting a first current detection signal; a second driver circuit for supplying a second load current to the load circuit on a basis of a signal level of a second difference detection signal; a second current detecting circuit for converting the second load current into a second voltage corresponding to the second load current, and outputting a second current detection signal; a first difference detecting circu

Abstract: The optical receiver includes: an optical input port for receiving WDM signals; a transmittable-wavelength-variable filtering unit which transmits, of the received WDM signals, a light signal in a predetermined transmittable wavelength bandwidth with a desired central wavelength of ?i (i=1 to n: n is an integer number greater than 2); an optical output port which outputs the remaining light signals at wavelengths (?i) (k=1 to n; k?i) untransmittable through the transmittable-wavelength-variable filtering unit; and a control unit which controls the central wavelength so that the level of the light signal passing through the transmittable-wavelength-variable filtering unit is the maximum. It is whereby possible to flexibly accommodate changes in number of channels combined in a WDM system, and to adaptively minimize ASE light leaking into the photoreceptor of the optical receiver even in a CWDM system with wide channel spacing.

Abstract: A constant current driving circuit for supplying a constant current to a load circuit includes: a first driver circuit having a pulse width converting circuit for converting a first difference detection signal into a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to a signal level of the first difference detection signal, a switch turned on/off on a basis of the pulse signal, and a smoothing circuit for supplying a smoothed first load current to the load circuit; a first current detecting circuit for converting the first load current into a first voltage corresponding to the first load current, and outputting a first current detection signal; a second driver circuit for supplying a second load current to the load circuit on a basis of a signal level of a second difference detection signal; a second current detecting circuit for converting the second load current into a second voltage corresponding to the second load current, and outputting a second current detection signal; a first difference detecting circu

Abstract: The optical receiver includes: an optical input port for receiving WDM signals; a transmittable-wavelength-variable filtering unit which transmits, of the received WDM signals, a light signal in a predetermined transmittable wavelength bandwidth with a desired central wavelength of ?i (i=1 to n: n is an integer number greater than 2); an optical output port which outputs the remaining light signals at wavelengths (?i) (k=1 to n; k?i) untransmittable through the transmittable-wavelength-variable filtering unit; and a control unit which controls the central wavelength so that the level of the light signal passing through the transmittable-wavelength-variable filtering unit is the maximum. It is whereby possible to flexibly accommodate changes in number of channels combined in a WDM system, and to adaptively minimize ASE light leaking into the photoreceptor of the optical receiver even in a CWDM system with wide channel spacing.

Abstract: In a receiving apparatus, there are included a compensation characteristic variable type waveform degradation compensating unit capable of compensating for waveform degradation of a received signal stemming from a transmission line, a received waveform measuring unit for measuring waveform data on the received signal (which will be referred to hereinafter as “received waveform data), and a control unit for controlling a compensation characteristic of the waveform degradation compensating unit to minimize a difference between frequency data on the received signal, obtained by converting the received waveform data acquired by the received waveform measuring unit into a frequency domain, and frequency data on a reference waveform free from waveform degradation. With this configuration, certain compensation for the waveform degradation of the received signal stemming from chromatic dispersion or the like becomes feasible without using a dispersion compensation fiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a modulation controlling circuit for supplying a modulating signal to an external modulator that outputs a modulated optical signal, while setting a proper operating point in the external modulator. The external modulator that operates in cooperation with the modulation controlling circuit of the invention enables high-quality modulation at a wide bit rate range. Therefore, in an optical transmission system or a measuring instrument to which the invention is applied, the characteristics and the performance are improved and the operation is made stable without loss of advantages of the external modulator.

Abstract: The optical transmission apparatus for multiple wavelengths according to the present invention comprises; a light source, a temperature control section for controlling the temperature of the light source, a temperature control (ATC) loop for controlling the operation of the temperature control section, and a wavelength control (AFC) loop. The ATC loop detects the temperature of the light source and feedback controls the operation of the temperature control section, so that the optical output wavelengths of the light source fall within a wavelength capture range corresponding to a target wavelength of the AFC loop. The AFC loop has a wavelength detection filter having a periodic transmission wavelength characteristic.

Abstract: The optical transmission apparatus for multiple wavelengths according to the present invention comprises; a light source, a temperature control section for controlling the temperature of the light source, a temperature control (ATC) loop for controlling the operation of the temperature control section, and a wavelength control (AFC) loop. The ATC loop detects the temperature of the light source and feedback controls the operation of the temperature control section, so that the optical output wavelengths of the light source fall within a wavelength capture range corresponding to a target wavelength of the AFC loop. The AFC loop has a wavelength detection filter having a periodic transmission wavelength characteristic.

Abstract: In a receiving apparatus, there are included a compensation characteristic variable type waveform degradation compensating unit capable of compensating for waveform degradation of a received signal stemming from a transmission line, a received waveform measuring unit for measuring waveform data on the received signal (which will be referred to hereinafter as “received waveform data), and a control unit for controlling a compensation characteristic of the waveform degradation compensating unit to minimize a difference between frequency data on the received signal, obtained by converting the received waveform data acquired by the received waveform measuring unit into a frequency domain, and frequency data on a reference waveform free from waveform degradation. With this configuration, certain compensation for the waveform degradation of the received signal stemming from chromatic dispersion or the like becomes feasible without using a dispersion compensation fiber.

Abstract: The present invention provides an input interruption detecting circuit of an optical receiver that realizes a circuit structure that avoids erroneous synchronization due to an influence of a synchronous noise, and enables an accurate detection of an input interruption, with respect to input interruption detection based on the synchronous or asynchronous state of a PLL circuit. To this end, the input interruption detecting circuit of an optical receiver according to the invention is one which is provided with a noise superimposition section which superimposes an asynchronous noise having frequency components that make the PLL circuit asynchronous, onto a signal input to a phase comparator of the PLL circuit, in a circuit structure for performing input interruption detection based on the synchronous state of a PLL circuit.