Abstract: There is provided a sintered body that does not readily deform during use and that allows a high flexibility for the design of surface layers, a method for manufacturing the sintered body, and an optical component including the sintered body. The method for manufacturing a sintered body includes a sintered body having a predetermined shape, the sintered body having a ceramic base material, the method for manufacturing a sintered body comprising a step for preparing a ceramic preform, a step for using a predetermined mold having an upper die and a lower die to hot-press the ceramic preform to form a pressure-sintered body, and a step for cooling the pressure-sintered body while applying a pressure load of approximately 5% or more and 100% or less (and preferably approximately 20% or more and 40% or less) of the pressure load applied during the step for forming the pressure-sintered body.

Abstract: When a groove is provided for letting gas out of a die for molding a material constituting an optical element, a warped shape is sometimes transferred to the lens or other optical element molded from the material. When a through-hole is provided in a hollow body disposed on the outside of the external peripheral surface of the die, the strength of the body is severely reduced. In the present invention, a groove for letting out gas is provided in at least part of the internal peripheral surface of the body facing the die.

Abstract: A die assembly includes a barrel die (4) having a tubular inner face, a sleeve (5) covering an outer peripheral surface of the barrel die, and a pair of core dies (1, 2) for pressing a preform inside the tubular inner surface of the barrel die. At least one of the paired core dies (1, 2) is slidable and guided along the tubular inner surface of the barrel die (4). The sleeve (5) does not transmit light having a wavelength of 5 ?m or shorter and has a thermal conductivity of 70 W/m·K or greater.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element (1) composed of a ceramic, in which the optical characteristics are enhanced by enhancing the machining precision, is composed of an infrared-transmissive ceramic, and prominent portions (11) and groove portions (12) are repeatedly formed on a surface of the diffractive optical element (1). The average value of the surface roughness Ra within an optical effective area (10) of the surface of the diffractive optical element is 0.05 ?m or less, and the difference in the surface roughness Ra within the optical effective area (10) of the surface is 0.02 ?m or less.

Abstract: Highly wear-resistant, low-friction ceramic composites suited for machining-tool, sliding-component, and mold-die materials are made available. The ceramic composites characterized are constituted from a phase having carbon of 3 ?m or less, preferably 30 nm or less, average crystal-grain size as the principal component, and a ceramic phase (with the proviso that carbon is excluded). The ceramic phase is at least one selected from the group made up of nitrides, carbides, oxides, composite nitrides, composite carbides, composite oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, oxycarbonitrides, and oxycarbides of Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W. The ceramic composites are produced by sintering the source-material powders at a sintering temperature of 800 to 1500° C. and a sintering pressure of 200 MPa or greater.

Abstract: A communication method for use in a radio communications system in which a mobile station sends identical data to a plurality of radio base stations in a parallel fashion. The method determines which radio base stations should stop forwarding data to an intermediate network device managing them. The intermediate network device includes a monitor and a controller. The monitor checks continuity of sequence numbers affixed to data received from each radio base station, thereby detecting missing sequence numbers. Based on the statistics of missing sequence numbers, the controller selects which radio base station should be allowed to continue its data forwarding operation. The controller then requests the other, non-selected radio base stations to stop their data forwarding operation.

Abstract: Ceramic composite material that has excellent mechanical properties within a range from room temperature to high temperature and high die release with respect to glass, resins, ceramics, and similar substances. The ceramic composite material is composed of a ceramic phase and a phase containing 2 to 98 wt. % carbon and/or boron nitride as the main component, and that has a mean particle size of 100 nm or less, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient is within a range of 2.0-9.0×10?6/° C. and the surface roughness after surface polishing is 0.05 ?m or less. The sintered body of the material is obtained by sintering a mixture of powdered starting materials at a sintering temperature of 800-1500° C. and a sintering pressure of 200 MPa or higher.

Abstract: Highly wear-resistant, low-friction ceramic composites suited for machining-tool, sliding-component, and mold-die materials are made available. The ceramic composites characterized are constituted from a phase having carbon of 3 ?m or less, preferably 30 nm or less, average crystal-grain size as the principal component, and a ceramic phase (with the proviso that carbon is excluded). The ceramic phase is at least one selected from the group made up of nitrides, carbides, oxides, composite nitrides, composite carbides, composite oxides, carbonitrides, oxynitrides, oxycarbonitrides, and oxycarbides of Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W. The ceramic composites are produced by sintering the source-material powders at a sintering temperature of 800 to 1500° C. and a sintering pressure of 200 MPa or greater.

Abstract: A bearer integration method for integrating a plurality of bearer services into a wireless channel by performing time-division multiplexing/demultiplexing is provided, in which bearer service data is input in synchronization with reference frame timing of a period T in a sending side, the bearer service data is delayed by one frame period by allocating delays A (0?A?T) and A? (=T?A) between the sending side and a receiving side, the bearer service data is output in the receiving side, and the bearer service data is integrated into a wireless channel with another bearer service data in which delays B (A?B?T) and B? (=T?B) are allocated between the sending side and the receiving side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiprocessor which can decrease a required waiting time of access to improve the processing time thereof. There is provided a multiprocessor apparatus having a plurality of processor units in which each of processor units is arranged to include a processor, a local memory unit utilized for storing therein a copy of the whole data of a shared memory, and a copy circuit for controlling the local memory unit in the update processing when the contents of the shared memory are updated by the processor unit, wherein when the processor requests a piece of data that shall be stored in the shared memory with a data reading command, then the local memory unit reads the corresponding piece of data from the copied data stored therein and supplies it to the processor. The apparatus is applicable to a multiprocessing of a real time system, for example.

Abstract: Ceramic composite material that has excellent mechanical properties within a range from room temperature to high temperature and high die release with respect to glass, resins, ceramics, and similar substances. The ceramic composite material is composed of a ceramic phase and a phase containing 2 to 98 wt. % carbon and/or boron nitride as the main component, and that has a mean particle size of 100 nm or less, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient is within a range of 2.0-9.0×10?6/° C. and the surface roughness after surface polishing is 0.05 ?m or less. The sintered body of the material is obtained by sintering a mixture of powdered starting materials at a sintering temperature of 800-1500° C. and a sintering pressure of 200 MPa or higher.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiprocessor which can decrease a required waiting time of access to improve the processing time thereof. There is provided a multiprocessor apparatus having a plurality of processor units in which each of processor units is arranged to include a processor, a local memory unit utilized for storing therein a copy of the whole data of a shared memory, and a copy circuit for controlling the local memory unit in the update processing when the contents of the shared memory are updated by the processor unit, wherein when the processor requests a piece of data that shall be stored in the shared memory with a data reading command, then the local memory unit reads the corresponding piece of data from the copied data stored therein and supplies it to the processor. The apparatus is applicable to a multiprocessing of a real time system, for example.

Abstract: A demultiplexer separates the data obtained by the demodulation into the data for each information medium, and a synchronous word detection state monitor detects the synchronous word contained in a received signal of a predetermined information medium and compares the state in which said synchronous word is detected with the preset standard, and outputs an output stop signal when the synchronous word detection state is worse then the preset standard.An error-correction decoder subjects the data obtained by the demodulation to an error-correction decoding processing, and an error-correction encoder subjects the decoded data to an error-correction encoding processing. A line quality estimating portion estimates the quality of the line by comparing the data obtained by the error-correction encoding processing with the demodulated data before decoding and an output controller stops outputting the received signal to the external terminal when the line quality is worse than the reference quality.

Abstract: An automatic frequency controller synchronizes a received carrier signal with a simulated carrier signal to automatically control a center frequency of the simulated carrier signal. The received carrier signal has a first synchronous code pattern inserted into a plurality of frame periods and a second synchronous code pattern inserted into a plurality of multiframe periods. The phase of the received carrier signal is determined by sweeping the center frequency of the simulated carrier signal and mixing the simulated carrier signal with the received carrier signal. The sweep of the center frequency of the simulated carrier signal is reduced when frame synchronization is detected and the sweep of the center frequency is fixed when multiframe synchronization is detected.

Abstract: A multichannel communication system has a transmitter for frequency-division-multiplexing and transmitting signals in a plurality of channels, and a receiver for selectively receiving the signal in one of the channels. The multichannel communication system prevents additional information from being interrupted in reception due to a channel change, for thereby reliably transmitting such additional information. The transmitter has a control information multiplexing unit for time-division-multiplexing main information in each of the channels with control information common to the channels at the same timing, and a transmitting unit for frequency-division-multiplexing and transmitting the main information in each of the channels which has been time-division-multiplexed with the control information by the control information multiplexing unit.

Abstract: An enciphered communication system is provided which has a plurality of cipher keys selectively used for enciphering data, wherein even when a cipher key number used at a transmitting side is not correctly transmitted to a receiving side, the receiving side can change the cipher key to a correct one. A transmitter has appendant data affixing means for affixing appendant data to information to be enciphered, and a receiver has appendant data detecting means for detecting the appendant data from deciphered data, and cipher key determining means for successively changing the cipher key of the receiver when the appendant data is not accurately detected. Consequently, when the cipher key is changed, for example, the receiving side itself can restore data even if the cipher key number is not correctly transmitted thereto.

Abstract: In a process for preparing an indole by reacting an aniline with a diol, a catalyst the activity of which has been reduced through its use in the reaction is brought into contact with an inert gas containing 5 vol. % or less of oxygen so that the catalyst is regenerated for its repeated utilization. The activity of the regenerated catalyst is enhanced further when it is subjected to a reducing treatment for activation upon its reutilization.