Abstract: An immersion lithographic apparatus is disclosed having comprising a pump and buffer volume configured to remove remaining liquid from a substrate, the pump and the buffer volume configured to generate a vacuum cleaning gas flow near the substrate by gas suction into the buffer volume. In an embodiment, since gas flow is needed only a limited amount of time (ordinarily less than 5%), evacuation may be performed using only a moderately powered vacuum pump. In addition or alternatively, the buffer volume may be used as a backup volume buffer configured to provide gas vacuum suction, e.g., in case of a vacuum supply outage.