Abstract: A voltage-programmed display system allows measurement of effects on pixels in a panel that includes both active pixels and reference pixels coupled to a supply line and a programming line. The reference pixels are controlled so that they are not subject to substantial changes due to aging and operating conditions over time. A readout circuit is coupled to the active pixels and the reference pixels for reading at least one of current, voltage or charge from the pixels when they are supplied with known input signals. The readout circuit is subject to changes due to aging and operating conditions over time, but the readout values from the reference pixels are used to adjust the readout values from the active pixels to compensate for the unwanted effects.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a first active region and a second active region on a substrate, a metal plug electrically connected to the first active region via a contact layer and an interface layer, a bit line electrically connected to the second active region via a bit line contact plug, and a bit line spacer encapsulating the bit line, wherein the first active region and the second active region are lightly n-type doped, the substrate is p-type doped, and the contact layer is epitaxially grown and n-type doped with a graded doping profile that increases from an interface with the first active region to an interface with the interface layer.

Abstract: The present application provides a metallocene compound, and a preparation method and application thereof. The metallocene compound of the present application includes a structure as shown in Formula a, where Ar is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl; Cp? is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, or fluorenyl; X is at least one of halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C30 alkyl, alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 dialkylamino, alkenyl, and substituted or unsubstituted C6-C30 aryl; and M is a transition metal element. The metallocene compound is suitable for catalyzing a C6-C30 long straight chain ?-olefin raw material and also a mixed long branched chain non-terminal olefin raw material, and may obtain a polymerization product with a target molecular weight according to demand.

Abstract: A tandem solar cell and a photovoltaic assembly, The tandem solar cell includes: a top-layer perovskite sub-cell and a bottom-layer crystalline-silicon sub-cell, and an optical regulating layer provided between the top-layer perovskite sub-cell and the bottom-layer crystalline-silicon sub-cell. After the part of the target light rays that are not absorbed by the top-layer perovskite sub-cell have passed through the top-layer perovskite sub-cell, because the optical regulating layer can be used to reflect at least some of the target light rays back into the top-layer perovskite sub-cell, at least some of the target light rays can enter the top-layer perovskite sub-cell again to perform secondary absorption, which prevents that the target light rays within the short-wave wave band directly enter the bottom-layer crystalline-silicon sub-cell having a low utilization ratio of the target light rays within the short-wave wave band, thereby increasing the efficiency of the tandem solar cell.

Abstract: An approach is provided for optimizing a feedback-type question answering process. A training set is constructed to detect missing information of a question. A natural language generation model is trained using the missing information. The natural language generation model is executed to generate a rhetorical question. A response to the rhetorical question is combined with the question to generate an input to a language processor. A new question is generated. The new question is applied to a document library. A final answer is generated.

Abstract: A titanium alloy blade tip with a wear-resistant protective coating and a preparation method thereof are provided. The method includes: (1) spraying MCrAlY alloy powder on a surface of a titanium alloy blade tip by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying at a spraying distance of 300-400 mm to obtain the titanium alloy blade tip with a MCrAlY layer on the surface; where M is one of Ni and NiCo; (2) pre-plating Ni at a current density of 4-10 A/dm2; (3) placing the pre-plated titanium alloy blade tip in a Watt solution, covering a surface of the pre-plated titanium alloy blade tip obtained in the step (2) with abrasive particles, and then performing composite electroplating at a current density of 0.5-2 A/dm2. In the method, the wear-resistant protective coating with the high adhesion strength is prepared on the titanium alloy blade tip, and the wear-resistant protective coating has good wear resistance.

Abstract: Validity of a trained artificial intelligence model is verified. The verifying the validity includes generating a training dataset from the trained artificial intelligence model using reverse data generation of the trained artificial intelligence model. The training dataset generated using the reverse data generation is compared with a test dataset used to evaluate the trained artificial intelligence model. The comparing is to determine a relationship between the training dataset that was generated and the test dataset. Data from the test dataset determined to have a predefined relationship with the training dataset is removed to obtain a new test dataset. The new test dataset is used to verify the validity of the trained artificial intelligence model.

Abstract: A given segment of computer code is obtained and modified to produce one or more inefficient versions of the given segment of computer code in comparison to the given segment of computer code. A code parse tree is generated for the given segment of computer code and each inefficient version of the given segment of computer code. Model embeddings are generated based on the generated code parse trees and a diffusion model is trained based on the generated model embeddings.

Abstract: Memory devices and methods of manufacturing memory devices are described herein. The memory devices include a bitline metal stack on a surface comprising a matrix of conductive bitline contacts (e.g., polysilicon) and insulating dielectric islands (e.g., silicon nitride (SiN)). The bitline metal stack comprises one or more of titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), tungsten nitride (WN), tungsten silicide (WS), or tungsten silicon nitride (WSiN). The memory devices include a bitline metal layer (e.g., tungsten (W)) on a top surface of the insulating dielectric islands and on the bitline metal stack.

Abstract: A method and system for etching high aspect ratio structures in a semiconducting processing chamber are disclosed herein. In one example, a method of patterning a substrate comprises etching the substrate to form a recess, depositing a passivation layer on sidewalls of the recess, treating the passivation layer, and etching the recess to a second depth. The substrate etch forms a recess to a first depth, the substrate having a mask layer disposed thereon. The treating of the passivation layer is for removal of a clogging material formed from an etch byproduct on the mask layer. The etching the recess to a second depth while maintaining a minimum variation of a recess sidewall width.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system are provided for predicting treatment options based on cardiac auscultation data. Text data and audio data corresponding to cardiac auscultation associated with a patient is received. The text data and the audio data are encoded as respective text vectors and audio vectors. A distance between the text vectors and the audio vectors is calculated. Diagnosis results are determined by a machine learning model based on the calculated distance between the text vectors and the audio vectors.

Abstract: Techniques for dynamic prompt vector generation for improved language model predictions are provided. A textual prompt word and textual context data are received, and an interim vector is generated by encoding the textual prompt word and the textual context data using an encoder machine learning model. An augmented prompt vector is generated by processing the interim vector using a sequence generation machine learning model, the sequence generation machine learning model trained based on at least one sequence of vectors comprising a training prompt word, a training related word, and a plurality of intermediate vectors. Model output is generated by processing the augmented prompt vector using a language machine learning model.

Abstract: Systems and techniques that facilitate preservation of deep learning classifier confidence distributions are provided. In various embodiments, a system can access a deep learning classifier and a training dataset on which the deep learning classifier was trained. In various aspects, the system can re-train the deep learning classifier using a loss function that is based on a Gaussian mixture model constructed from the training dataset.

Abstract: An embodiment for a method of extracting information from documents using knowledge graphs and prompt-based learning. The embodiment may receive a document and perform optical character recognition (OCR) to obtain OCR text lines and associated bounding boxes. The embodiment may encode each of the obtained OCR text lines into semantic vectors and each of the associated bounding boxes into position vectors to generate a knowledge graph using fusion vectors derived therefrom. The embodiment may receive a query including a key value. The embodiment may identify a series of candidate nodes including a series of most similar nearby nodes positioned near a first node associated with the key value. The embodiment may generate prompt template to determine closeness of the candidate nodes to the key value and calculate associated confidence levels. The embodiment may output extraction information associated with the candidate node having a highest calculated confidence level.

Abstract: A perovskite material bypass diode and a manufacturing method therefor, a perovskite solar cell module and a manufacturing method therefor, and a photovoltaic module are disclosed by the present application, which relate to the technical field of photovoltaics, the difficulty of manufacturing the perovskite material bypass diode is reduced. The method for manufacturing the perovskite material bypass diode includes: providing a layer of a perovskite material layer, processing the perovskite material layer to form a P-type perovskite material region and an N-type perovskite material region, so that a perovskite material bypass diode is formed. The perovskite material bypass diode and the manufacturing method therefor, the perovskite solar cell module and the manufacturing method therefor, and the photovoltaic module provided by the present application are used to manufacture the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method, computer system, and computer program product for building an acoustic model is provided. The present invention may include performing contrastive pre-training of the acoustic model; building a dataset classifier using prompt engineering; performing a prediction process; and performing zero-shot audio prediction using the pre-trained acoustic model.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for implementing enhanced Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of text overlapping scenes through text graph structuring. Text graph structuring is performed to provide a graph data structure for each data character or letter of multiple letters and a library of graph templates from graph structured data of each of the multiple letters. Text graph structuring is performed to convert visual content of an identified overlapping text image region to an overlapping text topology graph. The overlapping text topology graph is split into multiple subgraphs using the graph template library to match recognizable letters in the overlapping text.

Abstract: Provided are a perovskite cell and a photovoltaic module. The perovskite cell includes a perovskite light absorption layer, a first carrier transport layer, a second carrier transport layer, a first transparent electrode layer, a second transparent electrode layer, and an optical adjustment layer, wherein the optical adjustment layer is arranged between the second carrier transport layer and the second transparent electrode layer; and the transmittance of the optical adjustment layer for visible light is greater than or equal to a preset transmittance, and the reflectivity of the optical adjustment layer for infrared light is greater than or equal to a preset reflectivity.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) is configured with operations to determine whether a network supports non-voice IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) services. The UE determines whether a network with which the UE is communicating supports a non-voice IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) service and when the network supports the non-voice IMS service, initiates an IMS Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session establishment with the network.

Abstract: The present application provides a heat exchange fin and a heat exchange device. The heat exchange fin comprises a plurality of water pipe through holes arranged side by side perpendicular to a flue gas flow direction, wherein a notch and a flanging hole are sequentially formed between the adjacent water pipe through holes along the flue gas flow direction, an edge of the notch is provided with a first flue gas baffle, and a first opening is formed at the center of the first flue gas baffle. In the present application, the temperature distribution of the heat exchange fin is more uniform, possibility of generation of the condensed water is reduced on the premise of ensuring heat exchange efficiency, thereby prolonging the service life of the heat exchange.