Abstract: Provided is the use of a nanosecond pulsed electric field in improving cell stemness. Specifically, applying a nanosecond pulsed electric field to cells, especially stem cells, can effectively increase the expression level of stemness genes and reduce the methylation level of the cells, improve the stemness of the stem cells, and further facilitate the ability of the stem cells to receive induced differentiation.

Abstract: Example implementations relate to translating a data structure to a video frame structure. For example, a computing device may perform a method of receiving analytic values of a data structure and converting the analytic values into raw pixel data such that each analytic value of the data structure is represented as a pixel in a video frame structure of pixels. The raw pixel data may be encoded into an I-frame in response to a determination that a difference between the raw pixel data and previous raw pixel data associated with previous analytic values exceeds a specified threshold. First data associated with at least one I-frame is retrieved in response to a request to view data changes exceeding the specified threshold.

Abstract: A filter module that includes a filter, such as an AWG filter, and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is described. Additionally, a method of multiplexing and/or demultiplexing optical signals using the DWDM filter module is described. The filter and SOA can be integrated together either through compact packaging (with fiber and connectors), or through on-chip integration. The SOA can fully compensate for the insertion loss due to, for example, an AWG filter or plurality of AWG filters. Additionally, the polarization dependent loss of the composite module can be reduced by adjusting the polarization dependent gain of the SOA to compensate for the polarization dependent loss of the AWG filter.