Abstract: Provided are a high-entropy carbide ceramic, a rare earth-containing high-entropy carbide ceramic, fibers thereof, precursors thereof, and preparation methods thereof. The precursor includes at least four elements selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, and W, with each metal element accounting for 5-35% of the total molar quantity of metal elements in the precursor. The rare earth-containing high-entropy carbide ceramic precursor includes at least four transition metal elements and at least one rare-earth metal element. The high-entropy ceramic is a single-crystal-phase high-performance ceramic prepared from the precursor, with each element being homogenously distributed at molecular level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a signal. The method includes: by taking a reference signal as a standard, cyclically performing isoprobabilistic processing and isospectral processing, or cyclically perform isoprobabilistic processing, perturbation processing and isospectral processing, on an input signal, until an obtained signal satisfies both a requirement on a target probability distribution and a requirement on a target spectrum, where a probability distribution of the reference signal satisfying the requirement on a target probability distribution, the isoprobabilistic processing referring to processing that makes the probability distribution of an output signal identical to the probability distribution of the reference signal. Therefore, a signal that satisfies both the requirement on the specific probability distribution and the requirement on the spectrum can be generated, and the degree of compliance is higher.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus and method for measuring a nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio, and a test instrument. The method for measuring a nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio may include performing notch operation on at least one frequency point in a spectrum of an input signal in a symbol domain or a bit domain; performing spectrum measurement on an output signal after passing through a nonlinear system; and estimating a nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio of at least one frequency point of the nonlinear system according to a spectrum of the output signal. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, when the notch operation is performed, internal structures of symbols or bits of the input signal may be retained, and an accuracy of the measurement of the nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a detection method for N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) impurities, comprising: (1) obtaining a test solution containing a sample to be tested; and (2) detecting the test solution by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine the content of an N-nitrosodimethylamine impurity in the sample. The method provided in the present invention has a good separating effect, a wide linear range, a high sensitivity and a good method durability, and can detect the content of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the sample rapidly and effectively.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a signal generation device and an equalization processing device. The signal generation device generates a pilot sequence and payload, the pilot sequence and the payload having identical or similar amplitude probability characteristics. Hence, nonlinear interference may be resisted, and performance of the communication system may be improved.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a transformer module and a power module, wherein the transformer module comprises: a magnetic core, where a first insulating layer and a second wiring layer are sequentially disposed on the magnetic core from inside to outside; a first metal winding, wound around the magnetic core in a foil structure, and comprising a first winding segment formed in the first wiring layer and a second winding segment formed in the second wiring layer; and a second metal winding, wound around the magnetic core in a foil structure, comprising a third winding segment formed in the first wiring layer and a fourth winding segment formed in the second wiring.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a system for optimizing data storage of query statistics of a graph database. The method includes: periodically scanning, on storage servers in which partitions are located, all edges in the partitions; determining, according to all the edges in the partitions, partitions to which start points and end points belong, and calculating outgoing-edge correlation and incoming-edge correlation between partitions; calculating relevancies between partitions through a preset correlation matrix weight according to the outgoing-edge correlation and the incoming-edge correlation between partitions; and storing partitions with high relevancies on a same storage server.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a transformer module and a power module, wherein the transformer module comprises: a magnetic core, a first metal winding and a second metal winding. A first wiring layer, a first insulating layer and a second wiring layer are sequentially disposed on the magnetic core from the outside to the inside; the first metal winding is formed on the first wiring layer and winded around the magnetic core in a foil structure; the first insulating layer is at least partially covered by the first metal winding; a second metal winding is formed on the second wiring layer and winded around the magnetic core in a foil structure, wherein the second metal winding is at least partially covered by the first insulating layer, and is at least partially covered by the first metal winding.

Abstract: Disclosed are a high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber, and a preparation method and use thereof. The high-entropy ceramic fiber comprises Ti, Hf, Ta, Nb, and Mo; the high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber presents single crystal phase, and each of the elements are uniformly distributed at molecular level. The preparation method of the high-entropy ceramic fiber comprises: mixing a high-entropy ceramic precursor comprising the target metal elements, a spinning aid, and a solvent uniformly to prepare a precursor spinning solution, followed by working procedures of spinning, pyrolyzation, and nitriding to prepare the high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber. The high-entropy nitride ceramic fiber can be used in photocatalysis process of carbon dioxide to prepare methane.

Abstract: A performance estimation apparatus and method for a nonlinear communication system and an electronic device. The nonlinear communication system is equated with by an equivalent model including an equivalent linear model and an equivalent additive noise model, and the equivalent additive noise outputted by the equivalent additive noise model is mathematically uncorrelated to the signal inputted into the equivalent model. Performances of the nonlinear communication system of different modulation formats at different baud rates may be accurately estimated.

Abstract: Herein are described data acquisition systems and methods applying such systems to determine three-dimensional (3D) diffusion tensors, and simultaneously, to perform 3D structure imaging. Example data acquisition systems can include computing systems in communication with modified light sheet microscopes that are configured for high-speed volumetric imaging to record 3D diffusion processes and high-resolution 3D structural imaging.

Abstract: Devices and methods for super-resolution optical microscopy are described. Devices include an optical multiplexer to develop an excitation/illumination optical beam that includes alternating pulses of different profiles. Devices also include a signal processing unit to process a sample response to excitation/illumination beam and to subtract the neighboring pulses of the different profiles from one another on a pulse-to-pulse basis. Devices can be incorporated in existing confocal microscopy designs. As the subtraction effectively reduces the volume of the response signal, the spatial resolution of the systems can be markedly improved as compared to previously known optical microscopy approaches.

Abstract: A vaccine comprising antigen and a matrix of biodegradable polymer blend, wherein the polymer blend comprises hydrophobic polymer and amphiphilic block copolymer, and the vaccine exists in form of microcapsules that comprise a multi-cavity structure inside, and has an average particle diameter of preferably 10-100 ?m and more preferably 30-60 ?m, and is prepared by means of the following method: making porous microspheres from the polymer blend, then mixing the porous microspheres with antigen-containing solution, and then sealing openings of porous microspheres that have been loaded with the antigen-containing solution to form an opening-sealed microcapsule loaded with the antigen.

Abstract: Devices and methods for super-resolution optical microscopy are described. Devices include an optical multiplexer to develop an excitation/illumination optical beam that includes alternating pulses of different profiles. Devices also include a signal processing unit to process a sample response to excitation/illumination beam and to subtract the neighboring pulses of the different profiles from one another on a pulse-to-pulse basis. Devices can be incorporated in existing confocal microscopy designs. As the subtraction effectively reduces the volume of the response signal, the spatial resolution of the systems can be markedly improved as compared to previously known optical microscopy approaches.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring a change of a polarization state resulted from an optical link and optical receiver is provided. By combining zero-frequency response matrices and phase information on the received signal at two moments, a change matrix of the zero-frequency channel response matrices at the two moments is obtained, and a parameter characterizing a polarization state change induced by the optical link is determined according to the change matrix, which may dynamically monitor in real-time manner the polarization state change induced by the optical link, irrelevant to the polarization state of an input signal of the optical link. Due to the combination of the zero frequency response matrices and the phase information, response of the optical link may be completely reflected, for more accurate monitoring the polarization state. In addition, there is no need to add additional hardware and controls, thereby simplifying the structure and saving cost.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring a change of a polarization state resulted from an optical link and optical receiver is provided. By combining zero-frequency response matrices and phase information on the received signal at two moments, a change matrix of the zero-frequency channel response matrices at the two moments is obtained, and a parameter characterizing a polarization state change induced by the optical link is determined according to the change matrix, which may dynamically monitor in real-time manner the polarization state change induced by the optical link, irrelevant to the polarization state of an input signal of the optical link. Due to the combination of the zero frequency response matrices and the phase information, response of the optical link may be completely reflected, for more accurate monitoring the polarization state. In addition, there is no need to add additional hardware and controls, thereby simplifying the structure and saving cost.

Abstract: Embodiment of the present disclosure provide an apparatus and method to monitor a change of a polarization state resulted from an optical link and an optical receiver, in which by obtaining a change matrix of response matrices at two moments, and determining a parameter characterizing a change of a polarization state resulted from an optical link according to feature values of a change matrix in a Stokes space corresponding to the response matrices. The change of the polarization state resulted from the optical link is dynamically monitored in a real-time manner, independent of a polarization state of an input signal of the optical link, and no extra hardware and control may be needed.