Abstract: A Proton Computer Tomography (pCT) system comprising: a position tracker, able to reconstruct the proton trajectory within the body; an energy detector, able to reconstruct the proton energy; wherein, the position tracker is made up of four Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) placed in pairs at either side of a phantom, and the energy detector is a Super Thin Range Telescope located downstream comprising a plastic-scintillator made of layers of thin polystyrene bars oriented in alternate axis, perpendicular to the proton beam.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus having a particle beamline for passage of charged particles of radiation therealong, comprising: a first beam tracker structure comprising at least one position sensitive detector (PSD) for determining a location with respect to a cross-sectional area of the beam line at which particles pass through the PSD; energy discrimination apparatus for determining an energy of particles that have passed through the first beam tracker structure; and support means for supporting a subject in a path of a particle along the beamline between the first beam tracker structure and the energy discrimination apparatus, the apparatus being configured to be operated in a selected one of a first mode and a second mode, the apparatus being configured, in the first mode of operation, to control an energy of the beam of charged particles passing through the first beam tracker structure such that a Bragg peak of charged particle absorption is located within the subject, and i

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a 2D position-sensitive detector assembly comprising at least three substantially planar detector portions arranged in overlapping relationship as viewed normal to a plane of the detector portions, each detector portion comprising an array of substantially parallel, linear detector elements, the detector elements of respective detector portions being mutually non-parallel, the detector elements each being configured to generate one or more electrical signals in response to interaction of a particle of radiation therewith.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus for detecting particles of radiation comprising: a plurality of solid state semiconductor detector devices provided at spaced apart locations along a beam axis, the detector devices each being configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of passage of a particle through or absorption of a particle by the device; and at least one absorber portion configured to absorb at least a portion of an energy of a particle, wherein one said at least one absorber portion is provided in a particle path between at least one pair of adjacent detector devices, the apparatus being configured to provide an output signal indicative of the energy of a particle, the output signal provided being dependent on the electrical signals indicative of passage of a particle through or absorption of a particle by the devices.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a 2D position-sensitive detector assembly comprising at least three substantially planar detector portions arranged in overlapping relationship as viewed normal to a plane of the detector portions, each detector portion comprising an array of substantially parallel, linear detector elements, the detector elements of respective detector portions being mutually non-parallel, the detector elements each being configured to generate one or more electrical signals in response to interaction of a particle of radiation therewith.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus having a particle beamline for passage of charged particles of radiation therealong, comprising: a first beam tracker structure comprising at least one position sensitive detector (PSD) for determining a location with respect to a cross-sectional area of the beam line at which particles pass through the PSD; energy discrimination apparatus for determining an energy of particles that have passed through the first beam tracker structure; and support means for supporting a subject in a path of a particle along the beamline between the first beam tracker structure and the energy discrimination apparatus, the apparatus being configured to be operated in a selected one of a first mode and a second mode, the apparatus being configured, in the first mode of operation, to control an energy of the beam of charged particles passing through the first beam tracker structure such that a Bragg peak of charged particle absorption is located within the subject, and i

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide apparatus for detecting particles of radiation comprising: a plurality of solid state semiconductor detector devices provided at spaced apart locations along a beam axis, the detector devices each being configured to generate an electrical signal indicative of passage of a particle through or absorption of a particle by the device; and at least one absorber portion configured to absorb at least a portion of an energy of a particle, wherein one said at least one absorber portion is provided in a particle path between at least one pair of adjacent detector devices, the apparatus being configured to provide an output signal indicative of the energy of a particle, the output signal provided being dependent on the electrical signals indicative of passage of a particle through or absorption of a particle by the devices.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an intake manifold assembly that comprises a first outer covering, a second outer covering connected to the first outer covering that together define a chamber having an intake port, and a flow channel insert. The second outer covering has an outlet port positioned within its interior surface and the flow channel insert is nestingly connected to the outlet port with the rest of the flow channel insert received within the chamber. The flow channel insert being a single piece that defines a channel having a first end and a second end.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an intake manifold assembly that comprises a first outer covering, a second outer covering connected to the first outer covering that together define a chamber having an intake port, and a flow channel insert. The second outer covering has an outlet port positioned within its interior surface and the flow channel insert is nestingly connected to the outlet port with the rest of the flow channel insert received within the chamber. The flow channel insert being a single piece that defines a channel having a first end and a second end.

Abstract: A system for controlling turbulence in a combustion engine having a composite upper intake manifold and a cylinder head. The system includes a composite housing, a composite cartridge, a shaft, a radial gasket, a lever arm, and a press in place gasket. The composite housing includes an open first end and an open second end. The open second end defines a first cross-sectional area. The first end is configured to be welded to the composite upper intake manifold and the second end has a gasket groove. The second end is configured to be connected with the cylinder head. The composite cartridge is positioned within and removably joined with the second end of the composite housing. The composite cartridge includes a body, a flap valve, and bushings. The shaft connected to the flap valve within the composite housing. The press in place gasket is positioned within the gasket groove.

Abstract: A system for controlling turbulence in a combustion engine having a composite upper intake manifold and a cylinder head. The system includes a composite housing, a composite cartridge, a shaft, a radial gasket, a lever arm, and a press in place gasket. The composite housing includes an open first end and an open second end. The open second end defines a first cross-sectional area. The first end is configured to be welded to the composite upper intake manifold and the second end has a gasket groove. The second end is configured to be connected with the cylinder head. The composite cartridge is positioned within and removably joined with the second end of the composite housing. The composite cartridge includes a body, a flap valve, and bushings. The shaft connected to the flap valve within the composite housing. The press in place gasket is positioned within the gasket groove.

Abstract: A releasable connection for attaching a cover to a molded intake manifold including a series of projections on the cover received into recesses in a flange molded into the manifold. Tapered recesses in the projections and adjacent sloping surfaces in the flange define opposing spaced surfaces, with a key pin inserted between the opposing surfaces to lock the cover to the flange.