Abstract: Described herein is a discovery Platform Technology for analyzing a biological system or process (e.g.

Abstract: Described herein are methods for identifying a modulator of a biological system. Some methods include establishing a model for the biological system comprising cells, obtaining a first data set representing global proteomic in the cells, and obtaining a second data set representing one or more functional activities or cellular responses of the cells including global enzymatic activity and/or an effect of the global enzyme activity on the enzyme metabolites or substrates in the cells. The method also includes generating a consensus causal relationship network among the global proteomic changes and the one or more functional activities or cellular responses based solely on the first and second data sets using a programmed computing device, and identifying a causal relationship unique in the biological system from the consensus causal relationship network, wherein at least one enzyme associated with the unique causal relationship is identified as a modulator of the biological system.

Abstract: Described herein is a discovery Platform Technology for analyzing a biological system or process (e.g.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a plurality of signals having different wavelengths through a length of optical cable which is caused to provide distributed gain by being subjected to Raman pumping at a plurality of pump wavelengths, the power levels of the pump signals being in a set ratio or ratios for providing, preferably, a flat gain profile over the range of wavelengths of the plurality of signals, the set power levels of the pump signals being determined from the measured effects of the pump signals on a probe signal and in relation to the wavelength separations among the probe signal, the pump signals and the plurality of signals having different wavelengths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting a plurality of signals having different wavelengths through a length of optical cable which is caused to provide distributed gain by being subjected to Raman pumping at a plurality of pump wavelengths, the power levels of the pump signals being in a set ratio or ratios for providing, preferably, a flat gain profile over the range of wavelengths of the plurality of signals, the set power levels of the pump signals being determined from the measured effects of the pump signals on a probe signal and in relation to the wavelength separations among the probe signal, the pump signals and the plurality of signals having different wavelengths.