Abstract: An apparatus has a green compact electrode including a material of a coating formed on a workpiece by a discharge, a power source for supplying a first voltage, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage between the workpiece and the electrode, and a pulse current generator for generating and outputting a pulse current from the first voltage, and for cutting off the output when a predetermined period of time has passed after the voltage is detected to be less than a detection voltage. The pulse current is supplied between the workpiece and the electrode, and the detection voltage is less than the first voltage by 5% to 20% of the first voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus has a green compact electrode including a material of a coating formed on a workpiece by a discharge, a power source for supplying a first voltage, a voltage detector for detecting a voltage between the workpiece and the electrode, and a pulse current generator for generating and outputting a pulse current from the first voltage, and for cutting off the output when a predetermined period of time has passed after the voltage is detected to be less than a detection voltage. The pulse current is supplied between the workpiece and the electrode, and the detection voltage is less than the first voltage by 5% to 20% of the first voltage.

Abstract: A navigation system executes a portable mode for guiding a person when a GPS antenna is connected with it and a speed signal has not been inputted for ten seconds or more. The portable mode enables a predetermined function being nonfunctional in an in-vehicle mode for guiding a vehicle while it disables a predetermined function being functional in the in-vehicle mode. It furthermore modifies, for the portable mode, a predetermined function set in the in-vehicle mode. The navigation system can thereby utilize functions suitable for guiding a person-guiding instead of guiding a vehicle, which effect enhances usability of the system.

Abstract: A navigation system executes a portable mode for guiding a person when a GPS antenna is connected with it and a speed signal has not been inputted for ten seconds or more. The portable mode enables a predetermined function being nonfunctional in an in-vehicle mode for guiding a vehicle while it disables a predetermined function being functional in the in-vehicle mode. It furthermore modifies, for the portable mode, a predetermined function set in the in-vehicle mode. The navigation system can thereby utilize functions suitable for guiding a person-guiding instead of guiding a vehicle, which effect enhances usability of the system.

Abstract: In a power supply apparatus for discharge surface treatment which uses a green compact electrode as a discharge electrode, allows a pulse-type discharge to take place between said discharge electrode and a workpiece, and forms a film, which is made of an electrode material or a material obtained when the electrode material reacts to a discharge energy, on a surface of the workpiece following three measures are taken. (1) When a discharge voltage detected by the voltage detection means is less than or equal to discharge detection voltage set value which is slightly lower than a power supply voltage, the electric current cut-off means forcibly cuts off an output of the oscillator so that long-time pulse is prevented. (2) A capacitor is connected in parallel with an oscillation circuit of the oscillator, and the long-time pulse is prevented by capacitor discharge. (3) Time that the discharge takes place once is controlled by a timer so that the long-time pulse is prevented.

Abstract: In a power supply apparatus for discharge surface treatment which uses a green compact electrode as a discharge electrode, allows a pulse-type discharge to take place between said discharge electrode and a workpiece, and forms a film, which is made of an electrode material or a material obtained when the electrode material reacts to a discharge energy, on a surface of the workpiece following three measures are taken. (1) When a discharge voltage detected by the voltage detection means is less than or equal to discharge detection voltage set value which is slightly lower than a power supply voltage, the electric current cut-off means forcibly cuts off an output of the oscillator so that long-time pulse is prevented. (2) A capacitor is connected in parallel with an oscillation circuit of the oscillator, and the long-time pulse is prevented by capacitor discharge. (3) Time that the discharge takes place once is controlled by a timer so that the long-time pulse is prevented.

Abstract: In a power supply apparatus for discharge surface treatment which uses a green compact electrode as a discharge electrode, allows a pulse-type discharge to take place between said discharge electrode and a workpiece, and forms a film, which is made of an electrode material or a material obtained when the electrode material reacts to a discharge energy, on a surface of the workpiece following three measures are taken. (1) When a discharge voltage detected by the voltage detection means is less than or equal to discharge detection voltage set value which is slightly lower than a power supply voltage, the electric current cut-off means forcibly cuts off an output of the oscillator so that long-time pulse is prevented. (2) A capacitor is connected in parallel with an oscillation circuit of the oscillator, and the long-time pulse is prevented by capacitor discharge. (3) Time that the discharge takes place once is controlled by a timer so that the long-time pulse is prevented.

Abstract: A green compact electrode for discharge surface treatment comprises a main body of green compact electrode obtained by pressuring and compacting metal powder or powder of a metal compound, or either of the two types of powder with ceramics powder added thereto; and a metallic die used for pressuring and compacting the main body of the green compact electrode, and is used for discharge surface treatment together with the die without taking out the main body of green compact electrode from the die.

Abstract: A semiconductor package (11) includes a high density multi-layered printed wiring board (12), a plurality of LSI chips (14,15) and a substrate supporter (13). A substrate (16) is made of a material having higher heat conductivity than that of resins. A build-up layer (17) having interlayer insulations (I1-I4) and conductive layers (C1-C5) is formed on a first side (S1) of the substrate (16). A die area (19) for mounting the LSI chips (14,15) is provided on the build-up layer (17). A plurality of I/O pads (21) are provided around the die area. The I/O pads (21) are connected to bonding pads (28) on the supporter (13) via bonding wires. The supporter (13) includes a printed wiring board (23) consisting essentially of a resin material. The wiring board (12) is fitted in a window (24) formed in the printed wiring board (23) while a second side (S2) of the substrate, which is opposite to the first side, is exposed from the window.

Abstract: A recording format on a recording medium comprises a data portion (4) in which a data train should be recorded. The data portion (4) comprises a user data portion (44 and 47), a check data portion (45) and resynchronizing pattern portions (46). The data train is divided into m or 4 code words, each code word being n=148 bytes. The resynchronizing pattern portions (46) are added to the data train for every m.times.3=12 bytes of data to be recorded, and serves to recover data synchronization in the event that data synchronization is missed. Each code word having a check data portion (45) is capable of correcting errors of T bytes, and errors generated in each code word by missing of data synchronization can be corrected.

Abstract: A brushless DC motor control system comprises a commercially available semiconductor commutator supplying field current to stator windings of the DC motor, a current detector connected to a negative-side terminal of the semiconductor commutator, a signal conversion circuit converting the output signal of the current detector to a signal correlated to the load of the motor, and a microcomputer controlling the semiconductor commutator according to the output signal of the signal conversion circuit in the motor starting mode.