Abstract: A method of producing aldehydes in a hydroformylation system wherein an olefinic compound is reacted with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a hydroformylation reaction in the presence of a catalyst is provided. The hydroformylation system includes a reactor and a downstream catalyst process path. The temperature in the reactor and downstream catalyst process path is less than approximately 100° C., and preferably less than approximately 85° C., and most preferably less than approximately 80° C., such that formation of high boiler components from the reaction are substantially minimized. Further, the method of the present invention reduces degradation or decomposition of the catalyst, and in particular the ligand compound.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde, which comprises a reaction step of producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst comprising at least rhodium and an organic phosphite in a reaction zone, a separation step of obtaining a catalyst solution containing the rhodium complex catalyst by separating the aldehyde from a reaction solution taken from the reaction zone, and a recycling step of recycling the catalyst solution into the reaction zone, wherein the aldehyde is separated from the reaction solution in such a manner as to make an aldehyde concentration from 0.5 to 99 wt % in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde, which comprises a reaction step of producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst comprising at least rhodium and an organic phosphite in a reaction zone, a separation step of obtaining a catalyst solution containing the rhodium complex catalyst by separating the aldehyde from a reaction solution taken from the reaction zone, and a recycling step of recycling the catalyst solution into the reaction zone, wherein the aldehyde is separated from the reaction solution in such a manner as to make an aldehyde concentration from 0.5 to 99 wt % in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde, which comprises a reaction step of producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst comprising at least rhodium and an organic phosphite in a reaction zone, a separation step of obtaining a catalyst solution containing the rhodium complex catalyst by separating the aldehyde from a reaction solution taken from the reaction zone, and a recycling step of recycling the catalyst solution into the reaction zone, wherein the aldehyde is separated from the reaction solution in such a manner as to make an aldehyde concentration from 0.5 to 99 wt % in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: In a nozzle plate production method and apparatus, a metallic sheet material is punched to form nozzle holes therein by using a press having punches. Each of the punches includes a tapered conical portion, a straight cylindrical portion, and a rounded interconnecting portion. The interconnecting portion smoothly interconnects the conical portion and the cylindrical portion. Nibs produced on a bottom surface of the sheet material at the nozzle holes by the nozzle hole punching are removed by use of a tape grinding machine. A top surface and the bottom surface of the sheet material are buffed to provide a predetermined level of surface roughness. Burrs produced on the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet material at the nozzle holes by the buffing are removed by ultrasonic cleaning.