Abstract: Pallet (1) comprised of at least one loading plane (2), on which goods or the like are placed during use of the pallet, and at least one pallet foot (3) or several pallet feet (3). The loading plane (2) is comprised of at least one first material layer (10) of corrugated fiberboard and at least one second material layer (11) of corrugated fiberboard and at least one third material layer (14) of corrugated fiberboard which are joined together by gluing. The adjacent material layers' corrugated mediums are twisted in relation to one another. The loading plane (2) is further comprised of at least one surrounding covering that encloses or essentially encloses the material layers and that the enclosing covering is comprised of at least one first shroud (8) and at least one second shroud (9) of water repellent or water resistant material. In alternative embodiments, the pallet is comprised of at least one pallet collar (4).

Abstract: A controller includes a sampling module that samples a signal indicative of the output voltage, a filter module that filters out a ripple component of a sampled signal to generate a filtered signal, and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller that generates a duty cycle control signal. The PID controller includes a first component that scales sample values of the filtered signal to generate a first component signal, a down-sampling module that generates a down-sampled signal, and a storage module that stores a value of the down-sampled signal. The PID controller also includes a second component that generates a second component signal as a product of a factor and a difference signal between each sample value in the filtered signal and stored value, a third component that scales and accumulates the down-sampled signal to generate a third component signal, and a summing module that sums the first, second and third component signals.

Abstract: A controller includes a sampling module that samples a signal indicative of the output voltage, a filter module that filters out a ripple component of a sampled signal to generate a filtered signal, and a proportional-integral-derivative (PAID) controller that generates a duty cycle control signal. The PAID controller includes a first component that scales sample values of the filtered signal to generate a first component signal, a down-sampling module that generates a down-sampled signal, and a storage module that stores a value of the down-sampled signal. The PAID controller also includes a second component that generates a second component signal as a product of a factor and a difference signal between each sample value in the filtered signal and stored value, a third component that scales and accumulates the down-sampled signal to generate a third component signal, and a summing module that sums the first, second and third component signals.

Abstract: A controller (500) for determining a distribution of switching phases among switching elements of a power supply system The power supply system has a plurality of voltage converters, each comprising a switching element and being arranged to convert an input voltage supplied to the voltage converters to a respective output voltage by switching the switching element at a predetermined frequency. The controller (500) comprises a receiver (510) for receiving one or more signals indicative of a respective contribution from each of the voltage converters to a ripple current component of an input current of the voltage converters, and a rank determining module (520) configured to rank the voltage converters in order of decreasing contribution to the ripple current.

Abstract: A controller (500) for determining a distribution of switching phases among switching elements of a power supply system The power supply system has a plurality of voltage converters, each comprising a switching element and being arranged to convert an input voltage supplied to the voltage converters to a respective output voltage by switching the switching element at a predetermined frequency. The controller (500) comprises a receiver (510) for receiving one or more signals indicative of a respective contribution from each of the voltage converters to a ripple current component of an input current of the voltage converters, and a rank determining module (520) configured to rank the voltage converters in order of decreasing contribution to the ripple current.

Abstract: A voltage converter (200) is disclosed, which comprises a controller (210) operable in: a first mode to control the voltage converter so as to convert an input voltage (Vin) at an input (230) of the voltage converter to an output voltage (Vout) at an output (240) of the voltage converter; and a second mode, in which the controller (210) is configurable by configuration control signals (270) so as to change the control applied by the controller to the voltage converter. The voltage converter (200) also includes a power module (280) arranged to derive and supply an operation voltage (Voperation) to the controller (210), the power module (280) being arranged to derive the operation voltage from the input voltage (Vin) during operation of the controller (210) in the first mode, and a voltage source (340) other than the input voltage (Vin) during operation of the controller (210) in the second mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a range determining device for a voltage controller of an intermediate bus voltage (VIB) in an intermediate bus architecture power system, an intermediate bus architecture power system as well as to a method, computer program and computer program product of providing a range within which a controlled intermediate bus voltage in an intermediate bus architecture power system is allowed to vary. The range determining device obtains a range (R3) for the controlled intermediate bus voltage, which range has been determined based on statistical data corresponding to a current time interval of the control, and provides the range to the voltage controller for the voltage controller to control the intermediate bus voltage (VIB) within the determined range in a current time interval.

Abstract: A power supply system controller for configuring voltage converters in a power supply system comprises a first voltage converter arranged to convert an input voltage at an input of the first voltage converter to an output voltage at an output of the first voltage converter, wherein the output of the first voltage converter is connected to an input of a second voltage converter. Each of the first and second voltage converters comprises a controller configurable by received first control signals to control the voltage conversion to be performed by the voltage converter, and a power module arranged to derive, from the input of the voltage converter, an operation voltage (Voperation) to power the controller such that the controller can be configured by the received first control signals.

Abstract: In an intermediate bus architecture power system, a voltage controller that generates control signals for controlling an intermediate bus voltage (VIB) output from a first stage DC-to-DC power converter to at least one second stage DC-to-DC power converter via the intermediate voltage bus. A receiver receives values of the current input to the first stage converter, or the current and voltage output by the first stage converter. The controller determines a first value of an efficiency measure using the received values corresponding to a first VIB, and determines a second value of the efficiency measure for a second VIB higher than the first VIB.

Abstract: A voltage converter (200) is disclosed, which comprises a controller (210) operable in: a first mode to control the voltage converter so as to convert an input voltage (Vin) at an input (230) of the voltage converter to an output voltage (Vout) at an output (240) of the voltage converter; and a second mode, in which the controller (210) is configurable by configuration control signals (270) so as to change the control applied by the controller to the voltage converter. The voltage converter (200) also includes a power module (280) arranged to derive and supply an operation voltage (Voperation) to the controller (210), the power module (280) being arranged to derive the operation voltage from the input voltage (Vin) during operation of the controller (210) in the first mode, and a voltage source (340) other than the input voltage (Vin) during operation of the controller (210) in the second mode.

Abstract: A controller (500) for determining a distribution of switching phases among switching elements of a power supply system The power supply system has a plurality of voltage converters, each comprising a switching element and being arranged to convert an input voltage supplied to the voltage converters to a respective output voltage by switching the switching element at a predetermined frequency. The controller (500) comprises a receiver (510) for receiving one or more signals indicative of a respective contribution from each of the voltage converters to a ripple current component of an input current of the voltage converters, and a rank determining module (520) configured to rank the voltage converters in order of decreasing contribution to the ripple current.

Abstract: A method of determining a measure of a total capacitance of one or more capacitive elements connected to an output of a switched mode power supply is described. The method includes generating a voltage control signal to cause an output voltage controller to sweep a voltage at the output of the switched mode power supply from an initial voltage value to a final voltage value. Sample values of a current at the output measured by a current sampler during the sweep of the output voltage are received, and an integrated current value representing a measure of the total capacitance using the received sample values is calculated.

Abstract: A voltage controller is operable to generate control signals for controlling an intermediate bus voltage (VIB) in an intermediate bus architecture power system, the intermediate bus voltage comprising a voltage output from a first stage DC-to-DC power converter to at least one second stage DC-to-DC power converter via the intermediate voltage bus in the intermediate bus architecture power system. The voltage controller comprises a receiver operable to receive values of the current input to the first stage DC-to-DC power converter, or the current and voltage output by the first stage DC-to-DC power converter. The voltage controller further comprises an efficiency measuring unit operable to determine a measure of an efficiency of the intermediate bus architecture power system in accordance with the received values.

Abstract: A method of determining a measure of a total capacitance of one or more capacitive elements connected to an output of a switched mode power supply is described. The method includes generating a voltage control signal to cause an output voltage control signal age controller to sweep a voltage at the output of the switched mode power supply from an initial voltage value to a final voltage value. Sample values of a current at the output measured by a current sampler during the sweep of the output voltage are received, and an integrated current value representing a measure of the total capacitance using the received sample values is calculated.