Abstract: An augmented reality, virtual reality, or other wearable apparatus comprises an eye tracking device comprising an image sensor, a lens, and one or more processors. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a marker, and the one or more processors are configured to receive an image from the image sensor, wherein the image shows the marker, determine a distance from the image sensor to the marker based on the image, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the distance. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to receive image data from the image sensor, wherein the image data corresponds to an image as observed through the lens, determine a level or pattern of pincushion distortion in the image based on the image data, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the level or the pattern of pincushion distortion.

Abstract: An augmented reality, virtual reality, or other wearable apparatus comprises an eye tracking device comprising an image sensor, a lens, and one or more processors. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a marker, and the one or more processors are configured to receive an image from the image sensor, wherein the image shows the marker, determine a distance from the image sensor to the marker based on the image, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the distance. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to receive image data from the image sensor, wherein the image data corresponds to an image as observed through the lens, determine a level or pattern of pincushion distortion in the image based on the image data, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the level or the pattern of pincushion distortion.

Abstract: Images of an eye are captured by a camera. For each of the images, gaze data is obtained and a position of a pupil center is estimated in the image. The gaze data indicates a gaze point and/or gaze direction of the eye when the image was captured. A mapping is calibrated using the obtained gaze data and the estimated positions of the pupil center. The mapping maps positions of the pupil center in images captured by the camera to gaze points at a surface, or to gaze directions. A further image of the eye is captured by the camera. A position of the pupil center is estimated in the further image. Gaze tracking is performed using the calibrated mapping and the estimated position of the pupil center in the further image. These steps may for example be performed at a HMD.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a wearable apparatus is provided which may include a holographic film disposed on the wearable apparatus, an eye tracking device including an image sensor and an illuminator, and one or more processors. The processors may be configured to activate the illuminator to illuminate the holographic film and capture, with the image sensor, an image of at least a portion of the holographic film while the holographic film is illuminated. The processors may also be configured to determine a characteristic of the holographic film based on the image and determine, based on the characteristic, a location or an orientation of the image sensor relative to the holographic film. The processors may further be configured to change, based on the location or the orientation of the image sensor relative to the holographic film, at least one calibration parameter of the image sensor.

Abstract: An augmented reality, virtual reality, or other wearable apparatus comprises an eye tracking device comprising an image sensor, a lens, and one or more processors. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a marker, and the one or more processors are configured to receive an image from the image sensor, wherein the image shows the marker, determine a distance from the image sensor to the marker based on the image, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the distance. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to receive image data from the image sensor, wherein the image data corresponds to an image as observed through the lens, determine a level or pattern of pincushion distortion in the image based on the image data, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the level or the pattern of pincushion distortion.

Abstract: Images of an eye are captured by a camera. For each of the images, gaze data is obtained and a position of a pupil center is estimated in the image. The gaze data indicates a gaze point and/or gaze direction of the eye when the image was captured. A mapping is calibrated using the obtained gaze data and the estimated positions of the pupil center. The mapping maps positions of the pupil center in images captured by the camera to gaze points at a surface, or to gaze directions. A further image of the eye is captured by the camera. A position of the pupil center is estimated in the further image. Gaze tracking is performed using the calibrated mapping and the estimated position of the pupil center in the further image. These steps may for example be performed at a HMD.

Abstract: An augmented reality, virtual reality, or other wearable apparatus comprises an eye tracking device comprising an image sensor, a lens, and one or more processors. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a marker, and the one or more processors are configured to receive an image from the image sensor, wherein the image shows the marker, determine a distance from the image sensor to the marker based on the image, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the distance. In some embodiments, the one or more processors are configured to receive image data from the image sensor, wherein the image data corresponds to an image as observed through the lens, determine a level or pattern of pincushion distortion in the image based on the image data, and change a calibration parameter of an eye tracking algorithm based on the level or the pattern of pincushion distortion.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a wearable apparatus is provided which may include a holographic film disposed on the wearable apparatus, an eye tracking device including an image sensor and an illuminator, and one or more processors. The processors may be configured to activate the illuminator to illuminate the holographic film and capture, with the image sensor, an image of at least a portion of the holographic film while the holographic film is illuminated. The processors may also be configured to determine a characteristic of the holographic film based on the image and determine, based on the characteristic, a location or an orientation of the image sensor relative to the holographic film. The processors may further be configured to change, based on the location or the orientation of the image sensor relative to the holographic film, at least one calibration parameter of the image sensor.

Abstract: A method for determining eye openness with an eye tracking device is disclosed. The method may include determining, for pixels of an image sensor of an eye tracking device, during a first time period when an eye of a user is open, a first sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may also include determining, during a second time period when the eye of the user is closed, a second sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may further include determining, during a third time period, a third sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may additionally include determining that upon the third sum exceeding a fourth sum of the first sum plus a threshold amount, that the eye of the user is closed, the threshold amount is equal to a product of a threshold fraction and a difference between the first sum and the second sum.

Abstract: Images of an eye are captured by a camera. For each of the images, gaze data is obtained and a position of a pupil center is estimated in the image. The gaze data indicates a gaze point and/or gaze direction of the eye when the image was captured. A mapping is calibrated using the obtained gaze data and the estimated positions of the pupil center. The mapping maps positions of the pupil center in images captured by the camera to gaze points at a surface, or to gaze directions. A further image of the eye is captured by the camera. A position of the pupil center is estimated in the further image. Gaze tracking is performed using the calibrated mapping and the estimated position of the pupil center in the further image. These steps may for example be performed at a HMD.

Abstract: A method for determining eye openness with an eye tracking device is disclosed. The method may include determining, for pixels of an image sensor of an eye tracking device, during a first time period when an eye of a user is open, a first sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may also include determining, during a second time period when the eye of the user is closed, a second sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may further include determining, during a third time period, a third sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may additionally include determining that upon the third sum exceeding a fourth sum of the first sum plus a threshold amount, that the eye of the user is closed, the threshold amount is equal to a product of a threshold fraction and a difference between the first sum and the second sum.

Abstract: A method for determining eye openness with an eye tracking device is disclosed. The method may include determining, for pixels of an image sensor of an eye tracking device, during a first time period when an eye of a user is open, a first sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may also include determining, during a second time period when the eye of the user is closed, a second sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may further include determining, during a third time period, a third sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may additionally include determining that upon the third sum exceeding a fourth sum of the first sum plus a threshold amount, that the eye of the user is closed, the threshold amount is equal to a product of a threshold fraction and a difference between the first sum and the second sum.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a wearable apparatus is provided which may include a holographic film disposed on the wearable apparatus, an eye tracking device including an image sensor and an illuminator, and one or more processors. The processors may be configured to activate the illuminator to illuminate the holographic film and capture, with the image sensor, an image of at least a portion of the holographic film while the holographic film is illuminated. The processors may also be configured to determine a characteristic of the holographic film based on the image and determine, based on the characteristic, a location or an orientation of the image sensor relative to the holographic film. The processors may further be configured to change, based on the location or the orientation of the image sensor relative to the holographic film, at least one calibration parameter of the image sensor.

Abstract: A method for determining eye openness with an eye tracking device is disclosed. The method may include determining, for pixels of an image sensor of an eye tracking device, during a first time period when an eye of a user is open, a first sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may also include determining, during a second time period when the eye of the user is closed, a second sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may further include determining, during a third time period, a third sum of intensity of the pixels. The method may additionally include determining that upon the third sum exceeding a fourth sum of the first sum plus a threshold amount, that the eye of the user is closed, the threshold amount is equal to a product of a threshold fraction and a difference between the first sum and the second sum.