Abstract: A manual call point for a fire alarm system, the manual call point includes: an operating element 18, wherein a physical movement of the operating element 18 will trigger an alarm condition of the manual call point; at least two switch devices 12, 14, 16. Each switch device 12, 14, 16 is arranged to complete or break a circuit in response to the physical movement of the operating element 18. At least one of the switch devices 12, 14, 16 is a contactless device 12, 14 and the corresponding circuit includes an electromagnetic circuit that is completed or broken without mechanical contact from the operating element 18.

Abstract: A manual call point for a fire alarm system, the manual call point includes: an operating element 18, wherein a physical movement of the operating element 18 will trigger an alarm condition of the manual call point; at least two switch devices 12, 14, 16. Each switch device 12, 14, 16 is arranged to complete or break a circuit in response to the physical movement of the operating element 18. At least one of the switch devices 12, 14, 16 is a contactless device 12, 14 and the corresponding circuit includes an electromagnetic circuit that is completed or broken without mechanical contact from the operating element 18.

Abstract: A method and system for brewing coffee that allows for control of the temperature of the water as it hits ground coffee and that is adapted for changes in the environment. A coffee machine may include: a water reservoir, a pump, a heating element, a filter holder, a temperature sensor, and a control element. Instead of using boiling water to drive the flow of water from the water container to the filter holder, which method relates the outlet temperature to the water's boiling point, which, in turn, is dependent on altitude and other factors, the coffee machine described herein uses a pump to deliver water from the water container to the heating element and on to the filter holder. The coffee machine also includes a heating element that is not susceptible to frost damage, which may include a silicone layer sandwiched between two metal components, such as aluminum blocks.

Abstract: A method and system for brewing coffee that allows for control of the temperature of the water as it hits ground coffee and that is adapted for changes in the environment. A coffee machine may include: a water reservoir, a pump, a heating element, a filter holder, a temperature sensor, and a control element. Instead of using boiling water to drive the flow of water from the water container to the filter holder, which method relates the outlet temperature to the water's boiling point, which, in turn, is dependent on altitude and other factors, the coffee machine described herein uses a pump to deliver water from the water container to the heating element and on to the filter holder. The coffee machine also includes a heating element that is not susceptible to frost damage, which may include a silicone layer sandwiched between two metal components, such as aluminum blocks.

Abstract: A method and system for brewing coffee that allows for control of the temperature of the water as it hits ground coffee and that is adapted for changes in the environment. A coffee machine may include: a water reservoir, a pump, a heating element, a filter holder, a temperature sensor, and a control element. Instead of using boiling water to drive the flow of water from the water container to the filter holder, which method relates the outlet temperature to the water's boiling point, which, in turn, is dependent on altitude and other factors, the coffee machine described herein uses a pump to deliver water from the water container to the heating element and on to the filter holder. The coffee machine also includes a heating element that is not susceptible to frost damage, which may include a silicone layer sandwiched between two metal components, such as aluminum blocks.