Abstract: The invention relates to a method for grinding an inorganic solid from the series cement clinker, pozzolan and/or raw material for cement production, where a grinding additive is added before or during grinding, and the grinding additive, based on the dry mass, comprises 6% to 80% by weight of caprolactam and 1.5% to 30% by weight of aminocaproic acid, where, based in each case on the dry mass, 0.002% to 2% by weight of the grinding additive is used, based on the total solid. Further claimed are a grinding additive and the use thereof for increasing the compressive strength of the cured product produced therewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for grinding an inorganic solid from the series cement clinker, pozzolan and/or raw material for cement production, where a grinding additive is added before or during grinding, and the grinding additive, based on the dry mass, comprises 6% to 80% by weight of caprolactam and 1.5% to 30% by weight of aminocaproic acid, where, based in each case on the dry mass, 0.002% to 2% by weight of the grinding additive is used, based on the total solid. Further claimed are a grinding additive and the use thereof for increasing the compressive strength of the cured product produced therewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aminoalkanamides by reacting cyanoalkanoic esters with a) ammonia or an amine and b) hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, the reaction with component b) being started simultaneously or not later than a maximum of 100 minutes after commencement of the reaction of the cyanoalkanoic ester with component a).

Abstract: Identification and quantification of mass-produced goods in articles, a dye-containing polymer dispersion having been added to the mass-produced goods. The polymer dispersions contain particles which are coded by a mixture of dyes, and the polymer dispersion particles are quantitatively determined.

Abstract: Identification and quantification of mass-produced goods in articles, a dye-containing polymer dispersion having been added to the mass-produced goods. The polymer dispersions contain particles which are coded by a mixture of dyes, and the polymer dispersion particles are quantitatively determined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aminoalkanamides by reacting cyanoalkanoic esters with a) ammonia or an amine and b) hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, the reaction with component b) being started simultaneously or not later than a maximum of 100 minutes after commencement of the reaction of the cyanoalkanoic ester with component a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing dye-comprising aqueous polymer dispersions by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of free-radical initiators, in which at least some of the monomers are employed in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion E1 whose disperse phase comprises at least one oil-soluble dye, wherein the disperse phase of E1 is formed essentially of dye-comprising monomer droplets having a diameter<500 nm. The present invention relates in addition to dye-comprising formulations which comprise the dye-comprising polymers of the invention and to pigmented formulations which comprise a polymer of the invention comprising optical brightener.

Abstract: A process for wrinkleproofing cellulosic textiles comprises treating the textiles with a finish and drying the treated textiles, wherein the finish comprises one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible hydrophobically modified polyethyleneimines and/or polyvinylamines. Suitable hydrophobically modified polyethyleneimines are hydrophobically modified homopolymers of ethyleneimine, hydrophobically modified graft polymers of polyamidoamines or of polyvinylamines. Suitable hydrophobically modified polyvinylamines are hydrophobically modified at least partially hydrolyzed homo- or copolymers of N-vinylcarboxamides. The polyethyleneimines and polyvinylamines can be crosslinked by polyfunctional crosslinking compounds, quaternized and/or modified by reaction with alkylene oxides, dialkyl carbonates, alkylene carbonates and/or C1–C4-carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Alkylketene dimers are prepared by reacting acyl chlorides with tertiary amines in a molar ratio of from 1:1 to 1:1.6 at from 65 to 150° C. and with a residence time of from 1 to 30 minutes in the absence of solvents with thorough mixing and isolation of the alkylketene dimers.

Abstract: Alkylketene dimers are prepared by reacting acyl chlorides with tertiary amines in a molar ratio of from 1:1 to 1:1.6 at from 65 to 150° C. and with a residence time of from 1 to 30 minutes in the absence of solvents with thorough mixing and isolation of the alkylketene dimers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing dye-comprising aqueous polymer dispersions by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of free-radical initiators, in which at least some of the monomers are employed in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion E1 whose disperse phase comprises at least one oil-soluble dye, wherein the disperse phase of E1 is formed essentially of dye-comprising monomer droplets having a diameter<500 nm. The present invention also relates to perylene dyes of the formula III as set forth in claim 35. The present invention relates in addition to dye-comprising formulations which comprise the dye-comprising polymers of the invention and to pigmented formulations which comprise a polymer of the invention comprising optical brightener.

Abstract: A process for the isolation of amines from aqueous solutions by continuous distillation of aqueous solutions of the amines by a two-pressure method of rectifying aqueous solutions of amines which form with water an azeotrop, the composition of which is pressure-dependent, in two columns at different pressures provided that: a) the pressure in the second column is set to a value at least 0.5 bar higher than in the first column, b) the aqueous amine solution is fed, as a side stream, to the first column, and water and portions which boil at a higher temperature than the amine or which are non-volatile are removed at the base of the column, c) a mixture of amine and water is withdrawn at the head of the first column and fed, as a side stream, to the second column, d) an azeotrope of water and amine is withdrawn at the head of the second column and recycled to the first column, and (e) the purified amine is discharged at the base of the second column.

Abstract: A process for wrinkleproofing cellulosic textiles comprises treating the textiles with a finish and drying the treated textiles, wherein the finish comprises one or more water-soluble or water-dispersible hydrophobically modified polyethyleneimines and/or polyvinylamines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing dye-comprising aqueous polymer dispersions by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of free-radical initiators, in which at least some of the monomers are employed in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion E1 whose disperse phase comprises at least one oil-soluble dye, wherein the disperse phase of E1 is formed essentially of dye-comprising monomer droplets having a diameter <500 nm. The present invention also relates to perylene dyes of the formula III as set forth in claim 35. The present invention relates in addition to dye-comprising formulations which comprise the dye-comprising polymers of the invention and to pigmented formulations which comprise a polymer of the invention comprising optical brightener.

Abstract: Cationic azo dyes of the general formula I where R1, R2, R3, A1, A2, B1, B2, An⊖, n and K have the meaning given in the specification are prepared and used for the dyeing and printing of natural or synthetic substrates and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Oligomeric azo dyes having an alternating construction made up of tetrazo components and coupling components, containing in the molecule at least 2 units of the structure I------[D--------K]------ (I)where D and K are as defined in the specification, are prepared and used alone or in mixtures for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.

Abstract: Oligomeric azo dyes having an alternating construction made up of diazo components and coupling components, containing in the molecule at least 3 units of the structure I--[D--K]-- (I)where D is a tetrazo component of the formula II ##STR1## where x is a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur or a bridge member of the formula --NHCO--, --NHCONH--, --CO--, --NHSO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 NHSO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 --NH--A--NH--SO.sub.2 --, -NAlk-CO-, -NAlk-CO-NAlk-, -NAlk-CO--NH--, -NAlk-SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 -NAlk-SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 -NAlk-A-NAlk-SO.sub.2 --, --SO.sub.2 -NAlk-A-NH--SO.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 -- or --NH--,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoyl, cyano, carboxyl, hydroxysulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, hydroxyl, carbamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)-alkyl-carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, mono- or di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Cationic azo dyes of the formula I ##STR1## where the variables are as defined in the specification, amines as their intermediates, processes for preparing them, their use for dyeing and printing natural or synthtic substrates, and their mixtures are described.