Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus caused at least to determine a common automatic gain control symbol to be transmitted during a first symbol of a slot, wherein the first symbol of the slot is for a transmission of a first automatic gain control symbol by a transmitting sidelink user equipment and for a transmission of a second automatic gain control symbol by a receiving sidelink user equipment and the apparatus is the transmitting sidelink user equipment, wherein the common automatic gain control symbol comprises the first automatic gain control symbol and the second automatic gain control symbol and transmit the first automatic gain control symbol during the first symbol of the slot.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a user equipment comprising at least one processing core and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing core, cause the user equipment at least to measure a received signal strength of a unicast transmission received in the user equipment from another user equipment, UE, over a direct UE-to-UE radio link, obtain at least one power adjustment parameter concerning the other UE, and include in a report to a base station node, or a further user equipment, UE, either: the measured received signal strength as modified with the at least one power adjustment parameter, or both the measured received signal strength and the at least one power adjustment parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising circuitry configured to: determine whether a resource pool of a group of time slots associated with a first carrier spacing overlaps with a resource pool of a frame associated with a second carrier spacing within a period of time; wherein the first carrier spacing has a higher frequency than the second carrier spacing, and the period of time comprises the group of time slots associated with the first carrier spacing and the frame associated with the second carrier spacing; and perform sensing of at least one time slot of the group of time slots, based on whether the resource pool of the group of time slots associated with the first carrier spacing overlaps with the resource pool of the frame associated with the second carrier spacing within the period of time.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, device, apparatus and computer readable medium for sidelink transmission. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device determines a target transmission start position from a set of candidate transmission starting positions in a sidelink slot based on an access level of a sidelink transmission to be performed. The first device performs a LBT before the target transmission starting position. If the LBT is successful, the first device performs the sidelink transmission from the target transmission starting position. In this way, it enables the use on Mode 2 in shared/unlicensed spectrum, while addressing the issues of un-sensed (not detected) SPS transmissions due to LBT failure as well as making mode 2 more robust towards LBT failures due to other coexisting systems.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for radio resource reservation for inter-UE coordination in NR sidelink mode 2. The method may include transmitting from a first user equipment to a second user equipment, a first coordination request to request a set of preferred or non-preferred radio resources for transmission by the first user equipment. The first coordination request may include at least a first resource indication value for indicating a first radio resource for transmission of a corresponding first coordination message by the second user equipment to the first user equipment. The method may also include receiving the corresponding first coordination message from the second user equipment transmitted on the first radio resource in response to the first coordination request.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, and systems for beam alignment in a sidelink communication. The apparatuses include a first UE that is configured to: receive, from a second UE, a first radio signal using at least one first antenna; determine a first direction associated with the received first radio signal based on an estimated angle-of-arrival of the received first radio signal at the first UE; select a beam among a plurality of beams for a communication with the second UE based on the determined first direction; and transmit, to the second UE, a second radio signal on the selected beam using at least one second antenna.

Abstract: A first user equipment (UE) for sidelink beam maintenance in a sidelink communication. The first UE comprises-es a memory storing an instruction and a processor configured to execute the instruction stored in the memory to: obtain resource reservation information and future location information of the first UE, the future location information of the first UE including an estimated first location of the first UE at a first time later than a current time: transmit, to a second UE, the resource reservation information and the future location information of the first CE; receive, from the second UE, a signal including future location information of the second UE, the future location information of the second UE including an estimated second location of the second UE at the first time; and determine, based on the future location information of the second UE, one or more beams for transmission from the first CE.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for determining the transmit power for a common interlace and RBs. One method may include a UE determining a PSFCH allocation for at least one dedicated RB, calculating a corresponding transmission power of the PSFCH allocation for the at least one dedicated RB, and determining an allocation of common PSFCH RBs. The method further include, based upon the transmission power for the dedicated resource blocks and the determined number of common resource block, calculating transmission power for the common RBs.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for detecting consistent listen before talk failure cases and suitably recovering from such failure cases in the implementation of sidelink for unlicensed bands are provided. For example, a method can include monitoring a transmission resource pool in which the apparatus is operating. The transmission resource pool can include resource block sets, each of which can be monitored. The monitoring can be applied to resource block sets for which a prohibit timer is not running or is expired. The monitoring can be performed to detect listen before talk failures of the apparatus for each monitored resource block set of the plurality of resource block sets. The method can also include triggering or declaring a consistent listen before talk failure for the monitored resource block set when the count value of detected failures exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving, by a first UE in a sidelink communication, an inter-UE coordination (IUC) signal transmitted from a second UE; determining a set of candidate radio resources for communication with the second UE based on the IUC signal; determining at least one direction associated with the IUC signal based on an estimated angle-of-arrival of the IUC signal; selecting, among a plurality of beams, at least one beam for communication with the second UE based on at least one of the determined at least one direction or a content of the IUC signal; determining a subset of radio resources from the set of candidate radio resources based on sensing on the selected at least one beam; and transmitting the determined subset of radio resources to the second UE, or selecting from the determined subset of radio resources, one or more radio resources for communication with the second UE.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, and systems for carrier selection or re-selection for sidelink carrier aggregation. The methods include: determining, by a user equipment (UE) in a first sidelink communication, based on a first condition, one or more first candidate carriers from among one or more dedicated sidelink carriers, the one or more dedicated sidelink carriers being dedicated for the first sidelink communication; determining, by the UE, based on a second condition, one or more second candidate carriers from among one or more shared sidelink carriers, the one or more shared sidelink carriers being shared by at least the first sidelink communication and a second sidelink communication; and selecting, by the UE, one or more sidelink carriers for a sidelink transmission from among at least one of: the one or more first candidate carriers or the one or more second candidate carriers.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, and systems for providing a resource indication in a communication. The methods include: determining an overlap between a first resource reserved by a first node and a second resource reserved by a second node; and transmitting one or more indications indicating the overlap between the first resource and the second resource.

Abstract: A method is disclosed including: performing a sensing on at least one of a first pool on a first carrier and a second pool on a second carrier for sidelink, SL, communication using a sensing-based UE-selected resource allocation mode on at least one of the first pool and the second pool, wherein the first pool and the second pool have at least a 1-to-1 relationship of SL resources; selecting one or more resources from at least one of the first pool and the second pool for a SL transmission based on at least one outcome of the sensing on at least one of the first pool and the second pool; and transmitting data over SL using the selected one or more resources. An apparatus, computer program, and system are further disclosed.

Abstract: A method includes: configuring, by a first user equipment (UE), one or more carriers within a first frequency range, at least one of the one or more carriers including an indication indicating sidelink beam management information associated with one or more beams within a second frequency range; and transmitting, to a second UE, the configured one or more carriers within the first frequency range so as to allow the second UE to obtain the indication.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to method, device and computer readable media for sidelink communications. A first device obtains a configuration of a first PSFCH resource in a secondary band. The first PSFCH resource is for HARQ feedback information in response to a sidelink data transmission from a second device in an operating unlicensed band. The secondary band comprises a non-congested unlicensed band or a band where a channel access procedure is not required. The first device determines whether the HARQ feedback information is to be transmitted on the first PSFCH resource in the secondary band. The first device transmits, to the second device, the HARQ feedback information on the first PSFCH resource in accordance with a determination that the HARQ feedback information is to be transmitted on the first PSFCH resource in the secondary band.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, and systems for resource selection in a sidelink communication. One of the methods includes: determining, by a user equipment (UE), a spatial filter configuration, the spatial filter configuration being associated with a first time period: collecting sensing information obtained using the spatial filter configuration, the sensing information including at least one of: sidelink resource reservation information, or at least one sidelink reference signal received power (SL-RSRP) measurement of the sidelink communication: determining one or more candidate resources based on the sensing information: selecting one or more resources from the one or more candidate resources for transmission: re-evaluating using the spatial filter configuration, the selected one or more resources; and determining, based on a result of the re-evaluating of the selected one or more resources, whether a re-selection of the one or more resources is triggered.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, apparatuses, and systems for a UE for positioning. The method includes: determining at least one of: one or more sidelink-positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource sets in a slot, or one or more SL-PRS resource set patterns for one or more slots, the one or more SL-PRS resource sets being configured or pre-configured for one or more SL-PRS transmissions for one or more UEs including the UE; selecting at least one SL-PRS resource set from the one or more SL-PRS resource sets based on at least one of: a random selection, the one or more SL-PRS resource set patterns, one or more received control signals, assistance information received from at least one other UE that differs from the UE, or assistance information received from a network node; and transmitting at least one of: one or more SL-PRS signals or SL-PRS control information.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to transmission of control information associated with sidelink positioning reference signal. In an example method, a first terminal device in a radio access network comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the first terminal device to: transmit, to a second terminal device in the radio access network, control information associated with a sidelink (SL) positioning reference signal (PRS) during a SL positioning session for positioning of the second terminal device, using a resource for the control information in a Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) symbol or in at least one symbol dedicated for the control information. In this way, the first terminal device can efficiently transmit control information to the second terminal device with backward compatibility.

Abstract: Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to coping with consistent listen-before-talk (LBT) failure. A first terminal device may determine that a consistent listen-before-talk, LBT, failure on a set of sidelink resources is detected; and transmit, to at least one of a second terminal device or a network device, information related to the consistent LBT failure. In this way, reliability of sidelink communication may be improved even in consistent LBT failure situations.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for providing synchronization of user equipment of different radio access technologies, such as long term evolution and new radio sidelink, coexisting in the same channel are provided. For example, a first user equipment can receive a first radio transmission from a second user equipment. The first user equipment can determine, based on the received first radio transmission, a misalignment between a first radio transmission timing of the first user equipment and a second radio transmission timing of the second user equipment. The first user equipment can transmit a second radio transmission to a third user equipment indicative of the determined misalignment.