Abstract: Disclosed herein is a field-effect transistor comprising a channel comprised of an oxide semiconductor material including In and Zn. The atomic compositional ratio expressed by In/(In+Zn) is not less than 35 atomic % and not more than 55 atomic %. Ga is not included in the oxide semiconductor material or the atomic compositional ratio expressed by Ga/(In+Zn+Ga) is set to be 30 atomic % or lower when Ga is included therein. The transistor has improved S-value and field-effect mobility.

Abstract: Provided is a scintillator used for detecting radiation in an X-ray CT scanner or the like, the scintillator having a unidirectional phase separation structure having an optical waveguide function, which eliminates the need of formation of partition walls for preventing crosstalks. The scintillator has the phase separation structure including: a first crystal phase including multiple columnar crystals having unidirectionality; and a second crystal phase filling space on the side of the first crystal phase. The second crystal phase includes a material represented by Cs3Cu2[XaY1-a]5, where X and Y are elements which are different from each other and which are selected from the group consisting of I, Br, and Cl, and 0?a?1 is satisfied.

Abstract: A radiation detector including a scintillator structure comprising a first plane and a second plane which are not positioned on the same plane, the scintillator structure having an optical waveguiding property in a direction between the first plane and the second plane; and a two-dimensional light receiving element formed of multiple pixels which are disposed parallel to either one of the first plane and the second plane. The radiation detector includes at least one smoothness-deteriorate region which is positioned in one of the first plane and the second plane of the scintillator structure and has an area of 1/6 or more of a light receiving area of each of the multiple pixels. The region is repaired by an optically transparent material so as to be smoothed.

Abstract: Provided is a scintillator used for detecting radiation in an X-ray CT scanner or the like, the scintillator having a unidirectional phase separation structure having an optical waveguide function, which eliminates the need of formation of partition walls for preventing crosstalks. The scintillator has the phase separation structure including: a first crystal phase including multiple columnar crystals having unidirectionality; and a second crystal phase filling space on the side of the first crystal phase. The second crystal phase includes a material represented by Cs3Cu2[XaY1-a]5, where X and Y are elements which are different from each other and which are selected from the group consisting of I, Br, and Cl, and 0?a?1 is satisfied.

Abstract: A specimen information acquisition system is provided with a first grating which divides divergent X-rays from an X-ray source to form a plurality of primary X-ray beams, and a second grating which blocks at least a part of each of the primary X-ray beams to form a plurality of secondary X-ray beams. The specimen information acquisition system is further provided with an X-ray detector which detects the secondary X-ray beams and a calculator which calculates information of a specimen arranged between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector. The primary X-ray beams do not overlap each other on each of X-ray transmitting portions of the second grating. The edges of the respective primary X-ray beams enter a plurality of X-ray blocking portions of the second grating.

Abstract: In a scintillator used for radiation detection, such as an X-ray CT scanner, a scintillation crystal body having a unidirectional phase separation structure is provided which has a light guide function for crosstalk prevention without using partitions. The phase separation structure includes a first crystal phase and a second crystal phase having a refractive index larger than that of the first crystal phase and which have a first principal surface and a second principal surface, these principal surfaces being not located on the same plane, the first principal surface and the second principal surface have portions to which the second crystal phase is exposed, and a portion of the second crystal phase exposed to the first principal surface and a portion of the second crystal phase exposed to the second principal surface are connected to each other.

Abstract: A radiation detecting device is manufactured by a method that includes forming a scintillator layer on a substrate carrying a plurality of photodetectors and a plurality of convex patterns each including a plurality of convexities, the plurality of convex patterns coinciding with the respective photodetectors, the scintillator layer being formed in such a manner as to extend over the plurality of convex patterns; and forming a crack in a portion of the scintillator layer that coincides, in a stacking direction, with a gap between adjacent ones of the convex patterns by cooling the substrate carrying the scintillator layer. The plurality of convex patterns satisfy specific conditions.

Abstract: A scintillator crystal to be used for a radiation detector such as X-ray CT apparatus has a unidirectional phase-separated structure and provides a light guiding function without forming partitions to prevent any crosstalk. The scintillator crystal comprises a phase-separated structure including a plurality of first crystal phases of the columnar crystals with unidirectionality and a second crystal phase covering lateral surfaces of the first crystal phases. At least the second crystal phase comprises CuI and emits light when excited by radiation.

Abstract: A porous scintillator crystal capable of suppressing scattering of light that represents a high spatial resolution is provided. The porous scintillator crystal comprises a porous structure including voids, wherein the porous structure is a phase-separated structure having voids formed therein and comprises materials constituting a eutectic composition of the phase-separated structure and at least one void in the porous structure extend in a direction perpendicular to a principal plane of the porous scintillator crystal.

Abstract: There is provided a compound represented by the general formula Cs3Cu2[I1-xClx]5, wherein x is 0.71 or more and 0.79 or less. Also, there is provided a method for producing a compound, comprising mixing cesium iodide, cesium chloride, and copper chloride together in such a manner that the molar ratio of cesium to copper to iodine to chlorine is 3:2:5(1-x):5x (wherein 0.71?x?0.79), melting the resulting mixture, and solidifying the resulting molten material to give a compound.

Abstract: Provided is a scintillator used for detecting radiation in an X-ray CT scanner or the like, the scintillator having a unidirectional phase separation structure having an optical waveguide function, which eliminates the need of formation of partition walls for preventing crosstalks. The scintillator has the phase separation structure including: a first crystal phase including multiple columnar crystals having unidirectionality; and a second crystal phase filling space on the side of the first crystal phase. The second crystal phase includes a material represented by Cs3Cu2[XaY1-a]5, where X and Y are elements which are different from each other and which are selected from the group consisting of I, Br, and Cl, and 0?a?1 is satisfied.

Abstract: An analysis method for use in a radiation imaging apparatus employing intensity information of interference fringes of radiation rays that have passed through a detected object includes the steps of generating first phase information of the detected object wrapped into a range of 2? from the intensity information of the interference fringes; generating information on an absorption intensity gradient of the detected object from the intensity information of the interference fringes; generating a weighting function on the basis of an absolute value of a gradient in the information on the absorption intensity gradient; and generating second phase information by unwrapping the first phase information by using the weighting function.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray imaging apparatus including an X-ray source, a grating that divides diverging X-rays irradiated from the X-ray source, and a detector that detects X-rays which are divided by the grating and pass through a sample. The grating includes a plurality of transparent objects which pass the diverging X-rays and a plurality of opaque objects that shield the diverging X-rays. A focused position at which a plurality of extended lines intersect each other and the X-ray source are arranged in different position. The extended lines are formed by extending center lines which connect a center of the X-ray source side of each of the plurality of opaque objects facing the X-ray source with a center of the detector side of each of the plurality of opaque objects facing the detector.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus includes a phase grating, an absorption grating, a detector, and an arithmetic unit. The arithmetic unit executes a Fourier transform step of performing Fourier transform for an intensity distribution of a Moiré acquired by the detector, and acquiring a spatial frequency spectrum. Also, the arithmetic unit executes a phase retrieval step of separating a spectrum corresponding to a carrier frequency from a spatial frequency spectrum acquired in the Fourier transform step, performing inverse Fourier transform for the separated spectrum, and acquiring a differential phase image.

Abstract: An analysis method for use in a radiation imaging apparatus employing intensity information of interference fringes of radiation rays that have passed through a detected object includes the steps of generating first phase information of the detected object wrapped into a range of 2? from the intensity information of the interference fringes; generating information on an absorption intensity gradient of the detected object from the intensity information of the interference fringes; generating a weighting function on the basis of an absolute value of a gradient in the information on the absorption intensity gradient; and generating second phase information by unwrapping the first phase information by using the weighting function.

Abstract: A scintillator material contains a compound represented by a general formula [Cs1-zRbz][I1-x-yBrxCly]:In. In the general formula, x, y, and z satisfy any one of conditions (1), (2), and (3) below. (1) When 0<x+y<1 and z=0, at least one of Mathematical formula 1 and Mathematical formula 2 is satisfied. (2) When 0<x+y<1 and 0<z<1, at least one of Mathematical formula 3 and 0<y<1 is satisfied. (3) When x=y=0, the relationship 0<z<1 is satisfied. The content of indium (In) is 0.00010 mole percent or more and 1.0 mole percent or less relative to [Cs1-zRbz][I1-x-yBrxCly]. [Math. 1] 0<x?0.7??(Math. 1) 0<y?0.8??(Math. 2) 0<x?0.8??(Math.

Abstract: A production method of a thin film transistor including an active layer including an amorphous oxide semiconductor film, wherein a step of forming the active layer includes a first step of forming the oxide film in an atmosphere having an introduced oxygen partial pressure of 1×10?3 Pa or less, and a second step of annealing the oxide film in an oxidative atmosphere after the first step.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detector, including: a two-dimensional light receiving element including a plurality of pixels; and a scintillator layer having multiple scintillator crystals two-dimensionally arranged on a light receiving surface of the two-dimensional light receiving element, in which: the scintillator crystal includes two crystal phases, which are a first crystal phase including a material including a plurality of columnar crystals extending in a direction perpendicular to the light receiving surface of the two-dimensional light receiving element and having a refractive index n1, and a second crystal phase including a material existing between the plurality of columnar crystals and having a refractive index n2; and a material having a refractive index n3 is placed between adjacent scintillator crystals, the refractive index n3 satisfying a relationship of one of n1?n3?n2 and n2?n3?n1.

Abstract: Provided is a radiation detecting device, including: a scintillator which emits light when radiation is irradiated thereto; and a photosensor array having light receiving elements for receiving the emitted light which are two-dimensionally arranged, in which: the scintillator has a phase separation structure for propagating the light emitted inside the scintillator in a light propagating direction, the phase separation structure being formed by embedding multiple columnar portions formed of a first material in a second material; the radiation is irradiated to the scintillator from a direction which is not in parallel to the light propagating direction; and the light emitted inside the scintillator is propagated through the scintillator in the light propagating direction and is received by the photosensor array which is placed so as to face an end face of the scintillator.

Abstract: A radiation detector including a scintillator structure comprising a first plane and a second plane which are not positioned on the same plane, the scintillator structure having an optical waveguiding property in a direction between the first plane and the second plane; and a two-dimensional light receiving element formed of multiple pixels which are disposed parallel to either one of the first plane and the second plane. The radiation detector includes at least one smoothness-deteriorate region which is positioned in one of the first plane and the second plane of the scintillator structure and has an area of 1/6 or more of a light receiving area of each of the multiple pixels. The region is repaired by an optically transparent material so as to be smoothed.