Abstract: An electrical connector has a plurality of first contact pieces, each including a body portion, an arm portion extending from the body portion and a leg portion extending from the body portion, a plurality of second contact pieces, each including a body portion, an arm portion extending from the body portion and a leg portion extending from the body portion. The leg portion of each first contact piece is twisted at a right angle with respect to the body portion of the first contact piece and the leg portion of each second contact piece is twisted at a right angle with respect to the body portion of the second contact piece.

Abstract: The present invention performs calculations on photoelectric conversion signals (Ia, Ib, Ic, Id) supplied from a light receiving device and calculates two signals (IA, IB) as a result. Furthermore, the signal (IAB) is generated based on the signals (IA, IB), and the signal (IAB) is output from the encoder. As shown in equation, the term in the signal (IAB) that depends on the time t is 4d?sin(?t). Moreover, as shown in equations (5) and (6), the term that depends on the time t in the signals (IA, IB) is 2d?sin(?t); consequently, the signal (IAB) varies with respect to the signals (IA, IB) on a scale substantially tantamount to doubling the degree of modulation. Accordingly, if the position of the movable scale is detected based on the signal (IAB), then that position can be detected with good accuracy on a scale tantamount to doubling the degree of modulation.

Abstract: When an incident light is obliquely incident on an index scale, the optical path length of light A becomes longer than the optical path length of light B and an optical path length difference occurs, which causes a phase difference in both of the diffracted lights incident on a photodetection element. According to the phase difference, intensity of a photoelectric detection signal output from the photodetection element changes. That is, due to a periodic change in the incident angle of the incident light, the phase difference between light A and light B is modulated, and the interference signal becomes greatly modulated.

Abstract: A moving grating is arranged on a side of a wafer stage, a light source irradiates a light to the moving grating, diffracted lights generated from the moving grating are interfered by fixed scales and an index scale of which positional relation with the light source is fixed, and a detection instrument detects the interfered light. In this case, since the moving grating is arranged on a side of the wafer stage, upsizing of the entire wafer stage can be suppressed. Further, since interference occurs between a plurality of diffracted lights (e.g., the ±1st-order diffracted light) passing extremely close optical paths, influence caused by a fluctuation of ambient atmosphere becomes less in comparison to conventional interferometers, and thus, a high-precision measurement of positional information of the movable body is possible.

Abstract: An electrical connector has a plurality of first contact pieces, each including a body portion, an arm portion extending from the body portion and a leg portion extending from the body portion, a plurality of second contact pieces, each including a body portion, an arm portion extending from the body portion and a leg portion extending from the body portion. The leg portion of each first contact piece is twisted at a right angle with respect to the body portion of the first contact piece and the leg portion of each second contact piece is twisted at a right angle with respect to the body portion of the second contact piece.

Abstract: By using program information, the amount of which to be transmitted is not fixed, and related information which is related to the expected amount of the main information, an area for recording main information is ensured in advance on a recording medium. This ensures a reliable recording of a program, the recording of which has already been reserved, without affecting any program which has already been recorded. In addition, even when a change occurs in related information before or after the start of recording information on the recording medium, an area assigned before the start of the recording can be changed corresponding to related information after the change.

Abstract: A light via first and second index scales is split by a beam splitter, and one of the split lights is received by a first light-receiving element via a movable scale and also the other of the split lights is received by a second light-receiving element via a reference scale, and therefore by computing positional information of the movable scale using an output of the first light-receiving element (a first output) and an output of the second light-receiving element (a second output), movement information of the movable scale can be measured with high precision without being affected by drift of the modulation center (the oscillation center) of the beam.

Abstract: An illumination light to be used for position measurement of a movable scale is spatially (or physically) split into a first illumination light and a second illumination light using a triangle prism, and the first and second illumination lights are made to be incident on the same position on the movable scale, so that positional information of the movable scale is detected by utilizing interference of the first and second illumination lights. The spatially split first and second illumination lights interfere with each other even when they are made to be incident on the same position of the movable scale and are completely overlapped with each other, which is different, for example, from the case of the ±1st order diffracted lights that are generated by an illumination light being ±1st order diffracted by a diffraction grating. Therefore, wasted illumination lights that do not contribute to the interference can be minimized and the use efficiency of illumination lights can be improved.

Abstract: A photoelectric encoder includes a light source of an illumination light beam. The encoder also includes a movable grating which has grating lines and which is displaceable in a direction intersecting the grating lines. An index grating serves as a reference for displacement of the movable grating. A light-receiver receives the illumination light beam via the movable grating and the index grating. A modulator periodically changes a light beam outgoing from the index grating. A displacement detector detects the displacement of the movable grating based on the illumination light beam received by the light-receiver. Accordingly, a signal representing the displacement of a movable body can be accurately generated even when fluctuation of the attitude of the grating occurs.

Abstract: When an incident light is obliquely incident on an index scale, the optical path length of light A becomes longer than the optical path length of light B and an optical path length difference occurs, which causes a phase difference in both of the diffracted lights incident on a photodetection element. According to the phase difference, intensity of a photoelectric detection signal output from the photodetection element changes. That is, due to a periodic change in the incident angle of the incident light, the phase difference between light A and light B is modulated, and the interference signal becomes greatly modulated.

Abstract: By forming a coaxial receptacle and a coaxial plug, for which the characteristic impedances have been adjusted, at the respective end portions of a receptacle-side insulating housing and a plug-side body constituting a multi-connector being a parallel connector part, a transmission line has been made possible in which a multi-connector is mated and the signals passing through the coaxial connector at the same time exhibit little reflection and radiation.

Abstract: A photoelectric encoder includes a light source of an illumination light beam; a movable grating which has grating lines and which is displaceable in a direction intersecting the grating lines; an index grating which serves as a reference for displacement of the movable grating; a light-receiver which receives the illumination light beam via the movable grating and the index grating; a modulator which periodically changes a light beam outgoing from the index grating; and a displacement detector which detects the displacement of the movable grating based on the illumination light beam received by the light-receiver. Accordingly, a signal representing the displacement of a movable body can be accurately generated even when the attitude of the grating occurs.

Abstract: The invention provides a coaxial connector with a switch in which the life property and contact reliability of a movable contact piece portion are improved, which is further miniaturized and low-profiled than the conventional art, and in which the component configuration is simple, and hence the production cost is low. According to the coaxial connector 1 with a switch, in accordance with fitting with a counter connector, a plug pin 100 is elastically contacted with the plug pin contact portion 57 of a movable contact piece portion 51, and the movable contact piece portion 51 is displaced in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of insertion and extraction of the plug pin against the spring force, and separated from the stationary contact portion 41.

Abstract: In the invention providing a board-to-board coaxial connector, a contact portion 17 is formed in an internal conductor housing portion 12 of a plug body 9 into which a receptacle center conductor 7 is to be inserted. The contact portion has: a stationary contact piece portion 10b which is perpendicularly bent from a solder connecting portion 10a of a plug internal conductor 10 to extend in the axial direction of the connector; and movable contact piece portions 10c which are continuous to the stationary contact piece portion, which are juxtaposed in a circumferential direction of the connector, and which extend in the axial direction of the connector.

Abstract: A heat plate for fixation includes: a metallic base plate; and a heating resistor arranged on a reverse face of the metallic base plate, the heating resistor being formed by laminating, at least, an electric insulating layer and heating resistor layer in this order on the metallic base plate, wherein the heat plate is capable of raising the temperature of the metallic base plate to a fixing temperature when the heating resistor layer is energized and heated. A semicircular heating member for fixation includes the heat plate which is curved so that the metallic base plate has a convex surface, a belt type fixing device is provided with the semicircular heating member, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus is provided with the belt type fixing device having the semicircular heating member.

Abstract: By forming a coaxial receptacle and a coaxial plug, for which the characteristic impedances have been adjusted, at the respective end portions of a receptacle-side insulating housing and a plug-side body constituting a multi-connector being a parallel connector part, a transmission line has been made possible in which a multi-connector is mated and the signals passing through the coaxial connector at the same time exhibit little reflection and radiation.

Abstract: A heat plate for fixation comprising: a metallic base plate; and a heating resistor arranged on a reverse face of the metallic base plate, the heating resistor being formed by laminating, at least, an electric insulating layer and heating resistor layer in this order on the metallic base plate, wherein the heat plate is capable of raising the temperature of the metallic base plate to a fixing temperature when the heating resistor layer is energized and heated. A semicircular heating member for fixation comprises the heat plate which is curved so that the metallic base plate has a convex surface, a belt type fixing device is provided with the semicircular heating member, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus is provided with the belt type fixing device comprising the semicircular heating member.

Abstract: In the invention providing a board-to-board coaxial connector, a contact portion 17 is formed in an internal conductor housing portion 12 of a plug body 9 into which a receptacle center conductor 7 is to be inserted. The contact portion has: a stationary contact piece portion 10b which is perpendicularly bent from a solder connecting portion 10a of a plug internal conductor 10 to extend in the axial direction of the connector; and movable contact piece portions 10c which are continuous to the stationary contact piece portion, which are juxtaposed in a circumferential direction of the connector, and which extend in the axial direction of the connector.