Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing 2,4-dialkylbenzaldehyde with excellent conversion rate and yield, and excellent regioselectivity for formylation, by allowing carbon monoxide to react on a starting material containing a specific m-dialkylbenzene in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride. The method for producing 2,4-dialkylbenzaldehyde according to the present invention comprises a step of allowing carbon monoxide to react on a starting material containing m-dialkylbenzene represented by formula (1) in the presence of hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride for formylation at least at a position (a), wherein the starting material is a dialkylbenzene containing more than 90 mol % of m-dialkylbenzene represented by formula (1), and the number of moles of boron trifluoride relative to 1 mole of m-dialkylbenzene represented by formula (1) is 0.7 mol or more and 3.

Abstract: Novel lentivirus packaging systems engineered with a synthetic gene network having a positive feedback loop to amplify the expression of virus genes are provided. When co-transfected into a host cell with a transfer plasmid and envelope vector, extremely high viral titers are achieved when compared to transfection of a host cell with conventional third generation packaging systems. Methods for enhancing production of lentivirus, compositions comprising high titer lentivirus, and therapeutic methods based on delivery of lentiviral nucleic acid to target cells are also provided.

Abstract: Novel lentivirus packaging systems engineered with a synthetic gene network having a positive feedback loop to amplify the expression of virus genes are provided. When co-transfected into a host cell with a transfer plasmid and envelope vector, extremely high viral titers are achieved when compared to transfection of a host cell with conventional third generation packaging systems. Methods for enhancing production of lentivirus, compositions comprising high titer lentivirus, and therapeutic methods based on delivery of lentiviral nucleic acid to target cells are also provided.

Abstract: A method for compensating for degradation of a signal during transmission of the signal includes: performing thermal detection and accordingly generate a thermal detection result indicative of a temperature of a signal processing circuit; and performing property adjustment to adjust a predetermined property of the signal according to the thermal detection result. The property adjustment is performed on the signal according to the thermal detection result associated with previously transmitted signal. After performing the property adjustment, a characteristic value of the signal reaches a preset level.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to obtain a hair clip capable of holding the hair more tightly, thereby prolonging the state of the hair being clipped with the hair clip. A hair clip 1 according to the present invention is a hair clip for clipping hair, comprising: a first clip piece 110 and a second clip piece 120, for holding the hair; and a hinge member 130 for connecting the first clip piece 110 with the second clip piece 120 in an openable and closable manner, wherein the first clip piece 110 has a plurality of first teeth of generally V-shape, the plurality of first teeth including a first tooth A 110a and a first tooth B 110b, wherein the second clip piece has a plurality of second teeth of generally V-shape, the plurality of second teeth including a second tooth A 120a and a second tooth B 120b, and wherein the first tooth A 110a is adjacent to the second tooth A 120a, and the first tooth B 110b is adjacent to the second tooth B 120b.

Abstract: A method for compensating for degradation of a signal during transmission of the signal includes: performing thermal detection and accordingly generate a thermal detection result indicative of a temperature of a signal processing circuit; and performing property adjustment to adjust a predetermined property of the signal according to the thermal detection result. The property adjustment is performed on the signal according to the thermal detection result associated with previously transmitted signal. After performing the property adjustment, a characteristic value of the signal reaches a preset level.

Abstract: Transgenic strains of Neurospora crassa engineered to comprise a synthetic positive feedback loop for a transcriptional activator of cellulase expression such that cellulase production is amplified are disclosed, along with compositions thereof. The transgenic strains are particularly useful in methods for generating purified cellulases, fermentable sugars, and cellulosic ethanol for the efficient production of biofuel from cellulose-containing biomass and waste.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for production of monoclonal antibodies are provided according to aspects of the present invention including a synthetic gene circuit system, comprising: a first expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding tetracycline transactivator (tTA) operably linked to a ubiquitous promoter; a second expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding tetracycline transactivator (tTA) operably linked to a tetracycline responsive element (TRE); a third expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain component of an monoclonal antibody operably linked to a TRE; and a fourth expression construct comprising a nucleic acid encoding a light chain component of an monoclonal antibody operably linked to a TRE, functioning of the system includes a positive feedback loop which amplifies expression of the heavy chain component of the monoclonal antibody and the light chain component of the monoclonal antibody.

Abstract: Novel lentivirus packaging systems engineered with a synthetic gene network having a positive feedback loop to amplify the expression of virus genes are provided. When co-transfected into a host cell with a transfer plasmid and envelope vector, extremely high viral titers are achieved when compared to transfection of a host cell with conventional third generation packaging systems. Methods for enhancing production of lentivirus, compositions comprising high titer lentivirus, and therapeutic methods based on delivery of lentiviral nucleic acid to target cells are also provided.

Abstract: A communication unit having a transmitter and method of harmonic distortion content reduction is described. The transmitter is configured to operate in a training mode of operation and a normal transmission mode of operation. The transmitter includes a signal generator; a digital predistortion, DPD, circuit; and a first frequency shift circuit to frequency shift a signal for transmission in a first frequency direction. A feedback path and a second frequency shift circuit frequency shifts a fed back power amplified predistorted signal portion in a second frequency direction opposite to the first frequency direction. A calibration engine, receives and compares a digital baseband signal representative of a signal for transmission with the fed back power amplified predistorted signal portion shifted in the second frequency direction to determine at least one DPD compensation value only during a training mode of operation.

Abstract: A transmitter includes a signal generator arranged to generate a digital baseband signal representative of a signal for transmission; a digital predistortion, DPD, circuit configured to predistort the digital baseband signal; and a power amplifier is arranged to amplify the predistorted signal. The DPD circuit includes a first signal shaping circuit operably coupled to the signal generator and the DPD predistortion circuit and configured to receive the generated digital signal and apply first envelope shaping to shape the predistortion applied to at least the amplitude of the generated digital signal and produce a first DPD signal; a second signal shaping circuit operably coupled to the signal generator and an output of the DPD predistortion circuit and configured to receive and apply the second envelope shaped digital signal to the first DPD signal and produce a second envelope shaped DPD signal.

Abstract: A transmitter includes a signal generator arranged to generate a digital baseband signal representative of a signal for transmission; a digital predistortion, DPD, circuit configured to predistort the digital baseband signal; and a signal adjustment circuit operably coupled to the signal generator and the DPD circuit and configured to receive the generated signal and apply shaping to adjust the predistortion applied to the envelope of the generated signal.

Abstract: Transgenic strains of Neurospora crassa engineered to comprise a synthetic positive feedback loop for a transcriptional activator of cellulase expression such that cellulase production is amplified are disclosed, along with compositions thereof. The transgenic strains are particularly useful in methods for generating purified cellulases, fermentable sugars, and cellulosic ethanol for the efficient production of biofuel from cellulose-containing biomass and waste.

Abstract: Examples of front-end modules, apparatuses and methods for coupling compensation in a closed-loop digital pre-distortion (DPD) system are described. The closed-loop DPD circuit may include a PA and a loopback path. The PA may receive a PA input signal and amplify the PA input signal to provide a PA output signal proportional to a product of the PA input signal and a gain of the PA. The loopback path may receive the PA output signal to output a loopback signal. A forward coupling and a backward coupling may exist between the PA input signal and an output of the loopback path. The output of the loopback path may be proportional to a product of the PA output signal and a gain of the loopback path. The loopback path may include a coupling cancellation mechanism configured to cancel couplings between the PA input signal and the loopback signal.

Abstract: A transmitter includes a signal generator arranged to generate a digital baseband signal representative of a signal for transmission; a digital predistortion, DPD, circuit configured to predistort the digital baseband signal; and a power amplifier is arranged to amplify the predistorted signal. The DPD circuit includes a first signal shaping circuit operably coupled to the signal generator and the DPD predistortion circuit and configured to receive the generated digital signal and apply first envelope shaping to shape the predistortion applied to at least the amplitude of the generated digital signal and produce a first DPD signal; a second signal shaping circuit operably coupled to the signal generator and an output of the DPD predistortion circuit and configured to receive and apply the second envelope shaped digital signal to the first DPD signal and produce a second envelope shaped DPD signal.

Abstract: A transmitter includes a signal generator arranged to generate a digital baseband signal representative of a signal for transmission; a digital predistortion, DPD, circuit configured to predistort the digital baseband signal; and a signal adjustment circuit operably coupled to the signal generator and the DPD circuit and configured to receive the generated signal and apply shaping to adjust the predistortion applied to the envelope of the generated signal.

Abstract: Examples of front-end modules, apparatuses and methods for coupling compensation in a closed-loop digital pre-distortion (DPD) system are described. The closed-loop DPD circuit may include a PA and a loopback path. The PA may receive a PA input signal and amplify the PA input signal to provide a PA output signal proportional to a product of the PA input signal and a gain of the PA. The loopback path may receive the PA output signal to output a loopback signal. A forward coupling and a backward coupling may exist between the PA input signal and an output of the loopback path. The output of the loopback path may be proportional to a product of the PA output signal and a gain of the loopback path. The loopback path may include a coupling cancellation mechanism configured to cancel couplings between the PA input signal and the loopback signal.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a transmitter capable of correcting signal distortion with high accuracy. Provided are a test signal generator; a frequency characteristics corrector for correcting an amplitude characteristic and a phase characteristic of a test signal; a modulator; an envelope detector; a frequency characteristics calculator for calculating frequency characteristics of an envelope signal; and a coefficients calculator for calculating, on the basis of the frequency characteristics, correction coefficients to be used for correcting the amplitude characteristic and the phase characteristic of the test signal. The test signal generator generates a test signal in which signal loci in each of at least two pairs of quadrants of first to fourth quadrants of the IQ plane are not symmetrical with each other.