Abstract: A fixing apparatus having a first rotation member, an elongated heater having a heat generating member and a substrate on which the heat generating member is provided and being disposed in an internal space of the first rotation member, a heater holder that holds the heater, a stay that supports the heater holder, a sliding sheet being disposed between the heater and the first rotation member and sliding on an inner circumferential surface of the first rotation member, and a second rotation member forming a nip portion with the heater through the first rotation member, and, in the nip portion, a toner image formed on a recording material being heated and fixed, in which, when a longitudinal direction of a surface of the substrate on which the heat generating member is provided, a transverse direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A current collector sheet for an electrode of an electrochemical device has a conductive area and an insulating area on the surface thereof. Examples of the current collector sheet includes: a current collector sheet including an insulating sheet, wherein the conductive area has a conductive layer formed on the surface of the insulating sheet, and the insulating area has an exposed portion of the insulating sheet; a current collector sheet including a conductive sheet, wherein the insulating area has an insulating layer formed on the surface of the conductive sheet, and the conductive area has an exposed portion of the conductive sheet; and a current collector sheet including a conductive sheet portion and an insulating sheet portion positioned flush with each other, wherein the conductive area has a surface of the conductive sheet portion, and the insulating area has a surface of the insulating sheet portion.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having an electrode plate assembly. The electrode plate assembly includes (a) at least one first electrode, (b) at least one second electrode, and (c) a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first current collector sheet and at least one first electrode mixture layer carried thereon. The second electrode includes a second current collector sheet and at least one second electrode mixture layer carried thereon. At least one of the first current collector sheet and the second current collector sheet has a conductive area and an insulating area.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having an electrode plate assembly that includes: (a) at least one first electrode; (b) at least one second electrode; and (c) a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrode plate assembly including a PTC device. The use of the electrochemical device according to this invention makes it possible to efficiently manufacture secondary batteries with a simple structure, a high reliability and a high electrical capacity.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having an electrode plate assembly that includes: (a) at least one first electrode; (b) at least one second electrode; and (c) a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrode plate assembly including a PTC device. The use of the electrochemical device according to this invention makes it possible to efficiently manufacture secondary batteries with a simple structure, a high reliability and a high electrical capacity.

Abstract: An electrochemical device having an electrode plate assembly. The electrode plate assembly includes (a) at least one first electrode, (b) at least one second electrode, and (c) a separator interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first current collector sheet and at least one first electrode mixture layer carried thereon. The second electrode includes a second current collector sheet and at least one second electrode mixture layer carried thereon. At least one of the first current collector sheet and the second current collector sheet has a conductive area and an insulating area.

Abstract: The invention provides a current collector sheet for carrying an electrode material mixture for use in an electrode for an electrochemical device characterized in that the current collector sheet has a conductive area and an insulating area on the surface thereof.

Abstract: A workpiece to be processed is placed and fixed to an X-Y stage capable of translation motion along X-and Y-axis directions orthogonal to each other. The X-Y stage is moved to a first position. The X-Y stage is approach-run in the X-axis direction and in a negative Y-axis direction and stopped at a second position. The workpiece is processed while the X-Y stage stops at the second position. The process of moving the X-Y stage in the negative Y-axis direction by some distance and processing the workpiece while the X-Y stage stops, is repetitively executed. Even if the regularity of motion of the X-Y stage is disturbed, it is possible to suppress a lowered stage position accuracy.

Abstract: A workpiece to be processed is placed and fixed to an X-Y stage capable of translation motion along X-and Y-axis directions orthogonal to each other. The X-Y stage is moved to a first position. The X-Y stage is approach-run in the X-axis direction and in a negative Y-axis direction and stopped at a second position. The workpiece is processed while the X-Y stage stops at the second position. The process of moving the X-Y stage in the negative Y-axis direction by some distance and processing the workpiece while the X-Y stage stops, is repetitively executed. Even if the regularity of motion of the X-Y stage is disturbed, it is possible to suppress a lowered stage position accuracy.

Abstract: An electron-beam exposure system includes an astigmatic compensation circuit that increases a voltage applied across a pair of electrodes forming an electrostatic sub-deflector and simultaneously decreases a voltage applied across another pair of electrodes forming the same electrostatic sub-deflector with a same magnitude as in the case of increasing the voltage, wherein the magnitude of the voltage change is changed in response to the deflection of the electron-beam caused by a main deflector.

Abstract: An electron-beam exposure system includes an astigmatic compensation circuit that increases a voltage applied across a pair of electrodes forming an electrostatic sub-deflector and simultaneously decreases a voltage applied across another pair of electrodes forming the same electrostatic sub-deflector with a same magnitude as in the case of increasing the voltage, wherein the magnitude of the voltage change is changed in response to the deflection of the electron-beam caused by a main deflector.