Abstract: According to an embodiment, a signal processing apparatus includes an estimation unit and an updating unit. The estimation unit is configured to estimate an auxiliary variable of a target section including first and second sections of input signals by using an approximating auxiliary function for approximating an auxiliary function having an auxiliary variable as an argument. The auxiliary function is determined according to an objective function that outputs a function value that is smaller as a statistical independence of separated signals into which input signals in time-series are separated by a demixing matrix is higher. The estimation unit is configured to estimate a value of the auxiliary variable of the target section based on the estimated auxiliary variable. The updating unit is configured to update the demixing matrix such that a function value of the approximating auxiliary function is minimized.

Abstract: A compound that inhibits interaction between murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) protein and p53 protein and exhibits anti-tumor activity is provided. The present invention provides a dispiropyrrolidine derivative represented by the following formula (1), which has various substituents, inhibits interaction between Mdm2 protein and p53 protein and exhibits anti-tumor activity, wherein R1, R2, R3, ring A, and ring B in formula (1) respectively have the same meanings as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A carburetor provided on an intake pipe is disclosed. The carburetor includes a rotary cock attached to a fuel chamber. The cock is used for opening and closing fuel channels and drain channels. The cock has a rotational axis inclined relative to the central axis of the intake pipe.

Abstract: A compound that inhibits interaction between murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) protein and p53 protein and exhibits anti-tumor activity is provided. The present invention provides a dispiropyrrolidine derivative represented by the following formula (1), which has various substituents, inhibits interaction between Mdm2 protein and p53 protein and exhibits anti-tumor activity, wherein R1, R2, R3, ring A, and ring B in formula (1) respectively have the same meanings as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A compound that inhibits interaction between murine double minute 2 (Mdm2) protein and p53 protein and exhibits anti-tumor activity is provided. The present invention provides a dispiropyrrolidine derivative represented by the following formula (1), which has various substituents, inhibits interaction between Mdm2 protein and p53 protein and exhibits anti-tumor activity, wherein R1, R2, R3, ring A, and ring B in formula (1) respectively have the same meanings as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor wafer, including a step of differentiating the glossiness of a front surface from that of a rear surface of the wafer by holding the semiconductor wafer in a wafer holding hole formed in a carrier plate, and simultaneously polishing a front and back surface of said semiconductor wafer by driving said carrier plate to make a circular motion associated with no rotation on its own axis within a plane parallel with a surface of said carrier plate between a pair of polishing members disposed to face to each other, by using an abrasive body with a semiconductor wafer sink rate different in polishing from that of an abrasive body for one of a polishing member on an upper surface plate and a polishing member on a lower surface plate so as to simultaneously polish both the front and rear surfaces of the semiconductor wafer, or differentiating by differentiating the rotating speed of the upper surface plate from that of the lower surface plate.

Abstract: Air filtered through a filter element in a case is supplied via an air outlet port to a carburetor. Bottom plate of the case includes a support frame section bulging inwardly of the case. The support frame section includes a peripheral wall surrounding the periphery of the outlet port, a plurality of posts extending upward from the peripheral wall, and a canopy portion of a plate shape provided on the upper ends of the posts. Interior of the case and the outlet port are in communication with each other via a space between the posts, and the canopy portion covers the whole opening area of the outlet port.

Abstract: A fuel supplying apparatus is configured to supply a gas engine with gas fuel in such a manner that tar separated from the gas fuel is guided to the engine. The apparatus includes a primary regulator and a secondary regulator formed integrally with the primary regulator. The primary regulator communicates with the secondary regulator through a gas passage. The secondary regulator is disposed below the primary regulator. The secondary regulator has a gas inlet for taking in the gas fuel and the tar that have passed from the primary regulator through the gas passage. The secondary regulator has an orifice disposed below the gas inlet for discharging the gas fuel and the tar. The tar separated from the gas fuel flows from the primary regulator through the gas passage and the gas inlet into the secondary regulator and discharged out of the orifice into the engine.

Abstract: A carburetor provided on an intake pipe is disclosed. The carburetor includes a rotary cock attached to a fuel chamber. The cock is used for opening and closing fuel channels and drain channels. The cock has a rotational axis inclined relative to the central axis of the intake pipe.

Abstract: An oil level detection device for an internal combustion engine, which comprises: a housing permitting entry therein of oil; a float provided within the housing and vertically movable with the oil entered in the housing; a switch for performing switching operation in response to the vertical movement of the float within the housing; protrusions provided, on the upper surface of the float, for preventing the float from sticking to the ceiling of the housing due to viscosity of the oil; and protrusions provided, on the bottom of the housing, for preventing the float from sticking to the bottom of the housing due to viscosity of the oil.

Abstract: A multipurpose engine controller comprises a control unit for switching between supplying and stopping power supplied from an ignition circuit to a spark plug on the basis of two states, i.e., the operating state of the multipurpose engine determined based on a detection signal from the engine speed sensor, and the state of the level of the oil inside the crankcase determined based on a detection signal from the float-type oil level sensor.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor wafer, including a step of differentiating the glossiness of a front surface from that of a rear surface of the wafer by holding the semiconductor wafer in a wafer holding hole formed in a carrier plate, and simultaneously polishing a front and back surface of said semiconductor wafer by driving said carrier plate to make a circular motion associated with no rotation on its own axis within a plane parallel with a surface of said carrier plate between a pair of polishing members disposed to face to each other, by using an abrasive body with a semiconductor wafer sink rate different in polishing from that of an abrasive body for one of a polishing member on an upper surface plate and a polishing member on a lower surface plate so as to simultaneously polish both the front and rear surfaces of the semiconductor wafer, or differentiating by differentiating the rotating speed of the upper surface plate from that of the lower surface plate.

Abstract: Air filtered through a filter element in a case is supplied via an air outlet port to a carburetor. Bottom plate of the case includes a support frame section bulging inwardly of the case. The support frame section includes a peripheral wall surrounding the periphery of the outlet port, a plurality of posts extending upward from the peripheral wall, and a canopy portion of a plate shape provided on the upper ends of the posts. Interior of the case and the outlet port are in communication with each other via a space between the posts, and the canopy portion covers the whole opening area of the outlet port.

Abstract: A fuel supplying apparatus is configured to supply a gas engine with gas fuel in such a manner that tar separated from the gas fuel is guided to the engine. The apparatus includes a primary regulator and a secondary regulator formed integrally with the primary regulator. The primary regulator communicates with the secondary regulator through a gas passage. The secondary regulator is disposed below the primary regulator. The secondary regulator has a gas inlet for taking in the gas fuel and the tar that have passed from the primary regulator through the gas passage. The secondary regulator has an orifice disposed below the gas inlet for discharging the gas fuel and the tar. The tar separated from the gas fuel flows from the primary regulator through the gas passage and the gas inlet into the secondary regulator and discharged out of the orifice into the engine.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor wafer, comprising the step of differentiating the glossiness of a front surface from that of a rear surface of the wafer by using an abrasive cloth with a semiconductor wafer sink rate different in polishing from that of the other abrasive cloth for one of a polishing cloth (14) on an upper surface plate (12) and a polishing cloth (15) on a lower surface plate (13) so as to simultaneously polish both the front and rear surfaces of the semiconductor wafer (W), or differentiating by differentiating the rotating speed of the upper surface plate from that of the lower surface plate.

Abstract: An air cleaner has a casing body having an opening that communicates with a carburetor. The casing body includes a fitting part having an inner wall surface and a bearing surface. A sealing frame is inserted into the casing body and engages the fitting part of the casing body. The sealing frame has an outer peripheral part with an outer peripheral surface that is held in contact with the inner wall surface of the fitting part, a rear surface that is held in contact with the bearing surface of the fitting part, a front surface, and a groove formed in the front surface along a circumference thereof. A filter is disposed internally of the sealing frame. A cover covers the filter and the sealing frame.

Abstract: During polishing of the semiconductor wafer by using a double-sided polisher, a larger difference as compared to the prior art is created between a frictional resistance acting on a front surface of a silicon wafer from an upper surface plate side and a frictional resistance acting on a back surface of the silicon wafer from a lower surface plate side. Thereby, respective wafers can be rotated at as 0.1 - 1.0 rpm within corresponding wafer holding holes. Accordingly, the rotation of the wafer would not be suspended even if there were any defective condition induced during polishing. Further, partial variation or deviation in polishing volume particular in the outer periphery of the wafer would be hard to occur. Therefore, the polish-sagging is suppressed and thus the improved degree of flatness of the wafer could be obtained.

Abstract: Oil level detection sensor detects an oil level in a crankcase. First charging circuit includes a serial connection of a first charging capacitor for charging a reverse voltage produced in a primary coil, the detection sensor, and a first diode. Thyristor is turned on, in response to voltage-charging of the first charging capacitor, to disable an ignition operation of an ignition circuit. Second charging circuit includes a serial connection of a second charging capacitor for charging a forward voltage, produced in the primary coil, and a second diode. Transistor is turned on, in response to voltage-charging of the second charging capacitor, to disable a turning-on operation of the thyristor.

Abstract: Dissolution of a raw material, fusion of a raw material, or treatment for enhancing the fluidity of a raw material is completed in a short time by an agitation mixer 10 comprising a casing 20 in which a flow channel allowing the passage of fluid is mounted inside, an agitator body 40 mounted inside the casing and connected to a vibration source 46, a material inlet 12 mounted on the lowermost part of the casing 20 to feed the raw material into the casing 20, and a steam feeder 30 for injecting steam into the inside of the casing 20. Agitation chambers 26 divided by partition plates 24 are formed in the casing 20. A pressure gage 32 for measuring injection pressure of the steam is attached to the steam feeder 30. An outlet 14 is mounted on the uppermost part of the casing 20 to eject the raw material after the raw material is treated. Further, one of the agitation chambers 26 to which the outlet 14 is mounted includes a filter 50 placed so as to surround the agitator body 40.

Abstract: An agitation mixer 10 comprises a casing 12 through which a fluid passes, an agitator body 15 installed inside the casing 12 and connected to rotation means 92, a liquid inlet 22 for feeding a liquid into the casing 12, and a powder inlet 24 for feeding a powder into the casing 12. In the agitation mixer 10, the powder inlet 24 is attached to a powder feeding apparatus 55 in which a screw for transporting the powder is installed and connected to rotation-vibration means 53.