Abstract: A torque sensor comprising a magnetic amorphous film whose magnetostrictive characteristics vary with the amount of torque applied thereto and coils for detecting magnetostrictive variation disposed opposite the magnetic film and is detachably coupled with a shaft whose torque is to be measured. The shaft is cut into two halves and the unit has flange couplings connected to the one half of the shaft while receiving the other shaft half at its boss. The boss is elongated to form a tubular portion on which said magnetic film is affixed and an enclosure member houses the tubular portion. The coils are attached on the inner wall of the enclosure member to keep a distance from the film affixed on the tubular portion.

Abstract: Control apparatus for an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve which are slidably mounted for reciprocating movement relative to a valve seat in a cylinder head including an electromagnetic solenoid fixed to the cylinder head and a magnetic pole fixed to at least one of the valves with the magnetic pole opposing the solenoid with a small gap therebetween when the valve(s) is in the open position and a control device for supplying electric current to the electromagnetic solenoid in a predetermined manner responsive to engine operation conditions. The valve(s) is moved to the open position by a cam, electric current is supplied to the electromagnetic solenoid to hold the valve(s) in the open position for a predetermined time and the valve(s) is closed by a return spring when the electromagnetic solenoid is deenergized.

Abstract: A torque sensor comprising a magnetic member whose magnetostrictive characteristics vary with the amount of torque applied thereto and coils for detecting magnetostrictive variation disposed opposite the magnetic member, and a method of manufacturing the same. The torque sensor is constituted as an independent unit separate from the shaft whose torque is to be measured. The independent unit consists of a cylindrical member having the magnetic member attached thereto and an enclosure member which is provided with the coils and is mounted so as to cover the cylindrical member and be rotatable about the same axis as the cylindrical member.

Abstract: Spark timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a throttle controlled intake passage for an air-fuel mixture. A vehicle is powered by the engine. A vacuum line from the intake passage downstream from the throttle valve is connected to a three-way valve which, in turn, has one conduit connected to a spark advance chamber and another conduit connected to a spark retard chamber. Another valve closes the vacuum line when the engine temperature is low. An electrical switch sensitive to velocity of the vehicle actuates the three-way valve electromagnetically to connect the vacuum line to either of said chambers for actuating a movable member which controls the ignition timing of the engine. The conduit leading to the spark retard chamber also leads to a vacuum chamber in an additional fuel supply system having a valve, so that when the spark is retarded the additional fuel supply is cut off.

Abstract: A starter system for a hot internal combustion engine, the starter system including a first valve which opens upon starting of the engine in a heated state to permit supplemental air to be drawn into the engine intake passage to dilute the air-fuel mixture therein, and a second valve down stream of the first valve arranged to cut off supplemental air flow as vacuum pressure corresponding to complete firing of the engine develops in the intake passage.

Abstract: Spark timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a throttle controlled intake passage for an air-fuel mixture. A vehicle is powered by the engine. A vacuum line from the intake passage downstream from the throttle valve is connected to a three-way valve which, in turn, has one conduit connected to a spark advance chamber and another conduit connected to a spark retard chamber. Another valve closes the vacuum line when the engine temperature is low. An electrical switch sensitive to velocity of the vehicle actuates the three-way valve electromagnetically to connect the vacuum line to either of said chambers for actuating a movable member which controls the ignition timing of the engine. The conduit leading to the spark retard chamber also leads to a vacuum chamber in an additional fuel supply system having a valve, so that when the spark is retarded the additional fuel supply is cut off.