Abstract: An apparatus including: a deflector deflecting a light flux from a light source to scan a surface in a main scanning direction; and an imaging optical system including first and second optical elements, and guiding the light flux deflected by the deflector to the surface. When sagittal shapes of an incident surface and an exit surface of each of the first and second optical elements are represented by the following equations: x = z 2 / r ? 1 + ( 1 - ( z / r ? ) 2 ) 1 / 2 + ? n = 1 8 ? ? m = 0 1 ? 6 ? M mn ? y m ? z n r ? = r ( 1 + ? i = 1 1 ? 6 ? E i ? y i ) in at least one of incident surface or exit surface of first optical element and each of incident surface and exit surface of second optical element, at least one of values of Mm n is not equal to 0 provided that m is not equal to 0, and incident surface and exit surface of second optical element have M01 of the same sign.

Abstract: A transfer mold includes a body, a first layer, and a second layer. The body has a projecting-and-recessed surface. The first layer contains an inorganic material and is disposed on the projecting-and-recessed surface of the body. The second layer contains fluorine and is disposed on a surface of the first layer. The average of hardness values of the projecting-and-recessed surface on which the first and second layers are disposed is 30 Hv or higher.

Abstract: An optical unit having an antireflection function includes a wave surface having a wavelength equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light. The wave surface has a curved plane which curves in a recessed shape between an apex portion and a bottom portion of the wave surface. An inflection point of an area of a cross section obtained by cutting through the wave surface in a plane perpendicular to a direction of vibration of the wave surface is positioned toward the bottom portion of the wave surface from a center of the vibration.

Abstract: An optical unit having an antireflection function includes a wave surface having a wavelength equal to or shorter than a wavelength of visible light. The wave surface has a curved plane which curves in a recessed shape between an apex portion and a bottom portion of the wave surface. An inflection point of an area of a cross section obtained by cutting through the wave surface in a plane perpendicular to a direction of vibration of the wave surface is positioned toward the bottom portion of the wave surface from a center of the vibration.

Abstract: A transfer mold includes a body, a first layer, and a second layer. The body has a projecting-and-recessed surface. The first layer contains an inorganic material and is disposed on the projecting-and-recessed surface of the body. The second layer contains fluorine and is disposed on a surface of the first layer. The average of hardness values of the projecting-and-recessed surface on which the first and second layers are disposed is 30 Hv or higher.

Abstract: An optical element has a first optical layer; a reflective layer; and a second optical layer. The reflective layer includes at least five layers of high refractive-index layers and metal layers alternately laminated. When a thickness L of the entire reflective layer is 80 nm, a ratio ? of an optical thickness of the entire metal layers to that of the entire high refractive-index layers and a ratio ? of an optical thickness of a third high refractive-index layer to that of a first high refractive-index layer are included in a first region, when the thickness L is 90 nm, the ratios ? and ? are included in a second region, and when the thickness L is 80 to 90 nm, the ratios ? and ? are included in a space enclosed by the first region, the second region, and straight lines derived from these regions.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device enabling an improvement in photoelectric conversion efficiency and a method of manufacturing the photoelectric conversion device are provided. A solar cell includes a transparent substrate having, on a surface, a three-dimensional structure where a plurality of convex portions are regularly arranged, and a light receiving element being provided on the surface of the transparent substrate, and including a transparent electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a reflective electrode in this order of closeness to the transparent substrate. At least the transparent electrode of the light receiving element has a three-dimensional structure in accordance with the three-dimensional structure on a surface on a side opposite to the transparent substrate. The photoelectric conversion layer effectively absorbs incident light, and allows an electric field to be concentrated, causing an increase in current density.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a substrate that has a first unevenness structure including a plurality of first convex portions on one principal surface and a second unevenness structure formed on a surface of the first unevenness structure and including a plurality of second convex portions. A light-receiving element is formed on the one principal surface of the substrate and includes a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode in this order from the side of the substrate. At least the first electrode of the light-receiving element has a third unevenness structure replicated from one or both of the first and second unevenness structures on a surface opposite to the substrate.

Abstract: An optical element has a first optical layer; a reflective layer; and a second optical layer. The reflective layer includes at least five layers of high refractive-index layers and metal layers alternately laminated. When a thickness L of the entire reflective layer is 80 nm, a ratio ? of an optical thickness of the entire metal layers to that of the entire high refractive-index layers and a ratio ? of an optical thickness of a third high refractive-index layer to that of a first high refractive-index layer are included in a first region, when the thickness L is 90 nm, the ratios ? and ? are included in a second region, and when the thickness L is 80 to 90 nm, the ratios ? and ? are included in a space enclosed by the first region, the second region, and straight lines derived from these regions.

Abstract: A light emitting device having high light extraction efficiency and a display device having the same are provided. The light emitting device includes a light-emitting element having, on a substrate, a first electrode, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode in order from the substrate side. The substrate has a first three-dimensional structure including a plurality of projections in nano order on the surface on the first electrode side. At least the first electrode out of the first electrode, the light-emitting layer, and the second electrode has a second three-dimensional structure modeled on the projections in the first three-dimensional structure on the surface on the side opposite to the substrate one another.