Abstract: In one non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to lyophilized formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist (for example, an anti-IL-31RA antibody) as an active ingredient, the lyophilized formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof and sucrose and/or trehalose. In another non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to solution formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist as an active ingredient, the solution formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: In one non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to lyophilized formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist (for example, an anti-IL-31RA antibody) as an active ingredient, the lyophilized formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof and sucrose and/or trehalose. In another non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to solution formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist as an active ingredient, the solution formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: In one non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to lyophilized formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist (for example, an anti-IL-31RA antibody) as an active ingredient, the lyophilized formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof and sucrose and/or trehalose. In another non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to solution formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist as an active ingredient, the solution formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: In one non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to lyophilized formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist (for example, an anti-IL-31RA antibody) as an active ingredient, the lyophilized formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof and sucrose and/or trehalose. In another non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to solution formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist as an active ingredient, the solution formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: In one non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to lyophilized formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist (for example, an anti-IL-31RA antibody) as an active ingredient, the lyophilized formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof and sucrose and/or trehalose. In another non-limiting embodiment, the present disclosure relates to solution formulations containing an IL-31 antagonist as an active ingredient, the solution formulations further containing arginine and/or a salt thereof.

Abstract: CT images near the pelvis are obtained before surgery, and a three-dimensional model of a pelvis part is created on a computer. The virtual three-dimensional bone model is used to plan an installation position of a guide instrument etc., and a virtual three-dimensional surgical site model including the guide instrument is constructed. Subsequently, during surgery, the guide instrument is installed, and three-dimensional images of a surgical site are obtained, and a measured three-dimensional surgical site model including the guide instrument is obtained. The virtual three-dimensional surgical site model and the measured three-dimensional surgical site model are compared, and an error between an ideal installation position of the guide instrument and an actual installation position of the guide instrument is detected to guide the operator to reduce the error.

Abstract: An axially symmetric polarization conversion element that converts incident light into an axially symmetric polarized beam includes a reflection section having a shape obtained by rotating the cross section of a Fresnel rhomb wave plate along the direction of an optical axis around an axis that is parallel to the optical axis. The axially symmetric polarization conversion element converts the incident light into an axially symmetric polarized beam by utilizing two Fresnel reflections by the reflection section.

Abstract: CT images near the pelvis are obtained before surgery, and a three-dimensional model of a pelvis part is created on a computer. The virtual three-dimensional bone model is used to plan an installation position of a guide instrument etc., and a virtual three-dimensional surgical site model including the guide instrument is constructed. Subsequently, during surgery, the guide instrument is installed, and three-dimensional images of a surgical site are obtained, and a measured three-dimensional surgical site model including the guide instrument is obtained. The virtual three-dimensional surgical site model and the measured three-dimensional surgical site model are compared, and an error between an ideal installation position of the guide instrument and an actual installation position of the guide instrument is detected to guide the operator to reduce the error.

Abstract: An axially symmetric polarization conversion element that converts incident light into an axially symmetric polarized beam includes a reflection section having a shape obtained by rotating the cross section of a Fresnel rhomb wave plate along the direction of an optical axis around an axis that is parallel to the optical axis. The axially symmetric polarization conversion element converts the incident light into an axially symmetric polarized beam by utilizing two Fresnel reflections by the reflection section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing a highly pure fluoroether containing remarkably low concentration of a fluorine-containing alkyl alcohol. The method is suited for scale-up and specifically includes performing countercurrent separation of a crude solution of fluoroether including a fluorine-containing alkyl alcohol as an impurity using water.

Abstract: A grating (3) is disposed to face the measurement target surface of a measurement target object (11). A light source (1) irradiates the grating (3) with illumination light. A camera (6) captures a moire fringe image formed on the grating (3) by light passing through the grating 3 and reflected by the measurement target surface. A moving means (9) changes the distance (H) between the grating 3 and the measurement target surface. An analyzing means (8) performs an analysis process of obtaining 3-D shape information of the measurement target surface from the image picked up by the camera (6) in at least two cases in which the distance (H) is set to different values, and obtains, on the basis of the 3-D shape information in each case and the distance H, true 3-D shape information from which the measurement error caused by the inclination of the measurement target surface is eliminated.

Abstract: A measuring method capable of automatically analyzing quantitatively the inner state of a disk is provided. Linearly polarized light from a light source enters a retarder to produce a desired elliptically polarized state. The elliptically polarized light is then passed through a half-wave plate to rotate the direction of a principal axis of the ellipse. The light is expanded into two dimensions by lens systems and to obtain planar information, and is further transmitted through a disk substrate so that the birefringence of a specimen, which depends on an inner stress state and a polymer orientation state, changes the phase of the light. The light wave with its phase changed is passed through a polarizer arranged perpendicular to the principal axis of the retarder. The CCD detects the light wave as a light intensity.

Abstract: A grating (3) is disposed to face the measurement target surface of a measurement target object (11). A light source (1) irradiates the grating (3) with illumination light. A camera (6) captures a moire fringe image formed on the grating (3) by light passing through the grating 3 and reflected by the measurement target surface. A moving means (9) changes the distance (H) between the grating 3 and the measurement target surface. An analyzing means (8) performs an analysis process of obtaining 3-D shape information of the measurement target surface from the image picked up by the camera (6) in at least two cases in which the distance (H) is set to different values, and obtains, on the basis of the 3-D shape information in each case and the distance H, true 3-D shape information from which the measurement error caused by the inclination of the measurement target surface is eliminated.

Abstract: The invention provide a method for producing a fluoroalcohol of the following formula (1): H(CFR1CF2)nCH2OH  (1) (wherein R1 represents F or CF3, when n=1; R1 represents F, when n=2) comprising reacting methanol with tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene in the presence of a free radical source, wherein the reaction mixture is subjected to distillation either in the presence of a base or after contact of said reaction mixture with a base.

Abstract: A measuring method capable of automatically analyzing quantitatively the inner state of a disk is provided. Linearly polarized light from a light source enters a retarder to produce a desired elliptically polarized state. The elliptically polarized light is then passed through a half-wave plate to rotate the direction of a principal axis of the ellipse. The light is expanded into two dimensions by lens systems and to obtain planar information, and is further transmitted through a disk substrate so that the birefringence of a specimen, which depends on an inner stress state and a polymer orientation state, changes the phase of the light. The light wave with its phase changed is passed through a polarizer arranged perpendicular to the principal axis of the retarder. The CCD detects the light wave as a light intensity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fluoroalcohol represented by formula (1) H(CFR1CF2)nCH2OH  (1) (wherein R1 represents F or CF3, when n=1; R1 represents F, when n=2) by reacting methanol with tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene in the presence of a free radical generator, wherein the method comprises the steps of: feeding a reaction mixture into a distillation column; distilling off methanol from the top of the distillation column; withdrawing a bottom fraction comprising the fluoroalcohol from the bottom of the distillation column; removing a fraction comprising water and HF from the distillation column by side cut; feeding methanol from the top of the distillation column back into a reactor for recycling; and purifying the bottom fraction to recover the fluoroalcohol represented by formula (1).

Abstract: A process for producing a fluoroalcohol of the following formula (1) H(CFR1CF2)nCH2OH  (1) (n=1 or 2, wherein R1 represents F or CF3 when n=1; R1 represents F when n=2) comprising reacting methanol with tetrafluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene in the presence of an initiator wherein the fluoroalcohol of formula (1) is distilled after decomposing the remaining initiator contained in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A 2-nitroimidazole compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a fluorine-containing organic group which has at least one fluorine atom on a carbon atom which bonds to the nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring or a carbon atom which bonds to said carbon atom and a radiosensitizer comprising said nitroimidazole derivative.

Abstract: A 2-nitroimidazole derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.f is a group of the following formula (II) or (III):--CH.sub.2 CFXCH.sub.2 OR.sub.1 (II)wherein X is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom; R.sub.1 is a group of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group, a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 acyl group, benzylidene or acetonide; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group; Z is a hydrogen atom, COOY, COOR.sub.3, CONHOY, CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5 (wherein R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydroxyl group-containing C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl groups or hydrogen atoms; Y is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent metal atom), an amino group, a hydroxyl group or OR.sub.3 ; l is an integer of 1 to 3; o is an integer of 0 to 3; p is an integer of 0 to 2; q is an integer of 0 to 3; m and n are integers of 0 to 4; and 1.ltoreq.m+n.ltoreq.4 or ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3, X and p are the same as defined above; Z' is the same as Z or is OCOOCH.sub.

Abstract: A nitroazole derivative of the formula:NA--R.sub.f (I)wherein NA is 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-l-yl and R.sub.f is a fluorine-containing organic group which is useful as a radiosensitizer.