Abstract: An image-forming apparatus, comprises: a latent-image supporting member, and an intermediate transfer member that supports a toner image primarily-transferred thereon from the latent-image supporting member, secondarily-transfers the supported toner image onto an image receiving medium, and has a hard releasing layer on the surface thereof, and a ratio Rv (Vbt/Vpc) between a surface moving speed Vbt of the intermediate transfer member and a peripheral speed Vpc of the latent-image supporting member satisfies the following relational expression: ?5×10?6×Hu+1.0087?Rv??5×10?6×Hu+1.0167 wherein Hu is a universal hardness (N/mm2) of the surface of the intermediate transfer member, and is set to 220 N/mm2 or more.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprises an intermediate transfer member having a hard release layer on the surface that receives a primarily transferred toner image from a latent image-supporting member on the hard release layer and secondarily transfers the toner image to an image-receiving medium, wherein, when the difference ??sd between the dispersion-force component of surface free energy of the intermediate transfer member surface ?sd(itm) and the dispersion-force component of surface free energy of the latent image-supporting member surface ?sd(pc) is defined by the following Formula: ??sd=?sd(pc)??sd(itm), ??sd is 5 mN/m or less.