Abstract: An optical transmission apparatus of an embodiment is an apparatus for redundantly transmitting a multiplexed signal obtained by multiplexing N (N is an integer of 2 or greater) optical signals having different wavelengths, the apparatus including: a first demultiplexing unit to which a first multiplexed signal is input, the first demultiplexing unit configured to demultiplex the input first multiplexed signal into the N optical signals; N first detection units to which the N optical signals demultiplexed by the first demultiplexing unit are respectively input, each of the N first detection units configured to detect presence or absence of deterioration of a corresponding input optical signals of the input optical signals based on a signal level of the corresponding input optical signal; a second demultiplexing unit to which a second multiplexed signal is input, the second demultiplexing unit configured to demultiplex the input second multiplexed signal into the N optical signals; N second detection units to

Abstract: Providing a hydraulic control apparatus for a vehicular automatic transmission, which makes it possible to design an oil pump with a reduced delivery capacity, thereby permitting an improvement of fuel economy of a vehicle. The hydraulic control apparatus includes a supply passage connecting/disconnecting valve 114A which is operated, in synchronization with a switching operation of a lock-up relay valve 114, to apply a modulator pressure PM via an orifice 118 to a lock-up clutch 18, for placing the lock-up clutch 18 in the lock-up on state, and to inhibit the application of the modulator pressure PM to the lock-up clutch 18, for placing the lock-up clutch 18 in its lock-up off state.

Abstract: Providing a hydraulic control apparatus for a vehicular automatic transmission, which makes it possible to design an oil pump with a reduced delivery capacity, thereby permitting an improvement of fuel economy of a vehicle. The hydraulic control apparatus includes a supply passage connecting/disconnecting valve 114A which is operated, in synchronization with a switching operation of a lock-up relay valve 114, to apply a modulator pressure PM via an orifice 118 to a lock-up clutch 18, for placing the lock-up clutch 18 in the lock-up on state, and to inhibit the application of the modulator pressure PM to the lock-up clutch 18, for placing the lock-up clutch 18 in its lock-up off state.

Abstract: Providing a hydraulic control apparatus for a vehicular automatic transmission, which makes it possible to design an oil pump with a reduced delivery capacity, thereby permitting an improvement of fuel economy of a vehicle. The hydraulic control apparatus includes a supply passage connecting/disconnecting valve 114A which is operated, in synchronization with a switching operation of a lock-up relay valve 114, to apply a modulator pressure PM via an orifice 118 to a lock-up clutch 18, for placing the lock-up clutch 18 in the lock-up on state, and to inhibit the application of the modulator pressure PM to the lock-up clutch 18, for placing the lock-up clutch 18 in its lock-up off state.

Abstract: A semiconductor sensor 1 includes: a frame 21 having an opening; an actuation diaphragm 16 provided inside the frame 21 in a spaced-apart relationship with respect to the frame 21; a plurality of flexible beams 19a, 19b provided to interconnect the frame 21 and the actuation diaphragm 16, each of the flexible beams 19a, 19b having piezo resistance elements 30a, 30b, 30c thereon; metallic wiring lines 33 provided on one major surfaces of the respective flexible beams 19a, 19b for connecting each of the piezo resistance elements 30a, 30b, 30c to each other; and a plurality of thermal stress absorbing portions provided on the other major surfaces of the respective flexible beams 19a, 19b for absorbing thermal stresses developed in the beams 19a, 19b due to the difference of coefficients of thermal expansion between the respective beams 19a, 19b and the corresponding metallic wiring lines 33.