Abstract: An engine control system according to the present disclosure includes an oil temperature sensor and a waste gate valve control unit. The oil temperature sensor detects a temperature of an engine oil. The waste gate valve control unit controls opening and closing of a waste gate valve based on the temperature of the engine oil detected by the oil temperature sensor. More specifically, when the temperature of the engine oil detected by the oil temperature sensor is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, the waste gate valve control unit controls the waste gate valve so that it opens.

Abstract: An engine control system according to the present disclosure includes an oil temperature sensor and a waste gate valve control unit. The oil temperature sensor detects a temperature of an engine oil. The waste gate valve control unit controls opening and closing of a waste gate valve based on the temperature of the engine oil detected by the oil temperature sensor. More specifically, when the temperature of the engine oil detected by the oil temperature sensor is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, the waste gate valve control unit controls the waste gate valve so that it opens.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine includes a controlling section that controls a variable valve actuation device such that the phase of an intake valve becomes a target value. The controlling section executes a process of setting the target value to a steady or transient state phase, a process of calculating a load change rate, and a process of setting a change amount of the transient state phase. The change amount of the transient state phase is set to a change amount when the engine operating state is a transient state and the load change rate is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. The change amount of the transient state phase is set to a second change amount that is less than the first change amount when the engine operating state is the transient state and the load change rate is less than the threshold.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine defines a difference between a throttle opening degree target value before correction and a throttle opening degree target value after correction as a correction amount. The difference between a downstream pressure that is a pressure downstream of a throttle valve in the intake passage and a required value of the downstream pressure is defined as a pressure difference. The controller corrects the throttle opening degree target value so that the correction amount increases as the absolute value of the pressure difference increases, the correction amount is smaller when the throttle opening degree is large than when the throttle opening degree is small, and the correction amount is smaller when the flow velocity of intake air in the intake passage is low that when the flow velocity of the intake air is high.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine defines a difference between a throttle opening degree target value before correction and a throttle opening degree target value after correction as a correction amount. The difference between a downstream pressure that is a pressure downstream of a throttle valve in the intake passage and a required value of the downstream pressure is defined as a pressure difference. The controller corrects the throttle opening degree target value so that the correction amount increases as the absolute value of the pressure difference increases, the correction amount is smaller when the throttle opening degree is large than when the throttle opening degree is small, and the correction amount is smaller when the flow velocity of intake air in the intake passage is low that when the flow velocity of the intake air is high.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for a work machine includes a first switch valve and a first return circuit. The first switch valve is switchable between a confluent position and an isolation position. The first switch valve is switched to the confluent position such that a first operation fluid tube is connected to a second operation fluid tube and a first transmission fluid tube is connected to a second transmission fluid tube. The first switch valve is switched to the isolation position such that the first operation fluid tube is disconnected from the second operation fluid tube and the first operation fluid tube is disconnected from the second operation fluid tube.

Abstract: A controller for an internal combustion engine includes a controlling section that controls a variable valve actuation device such that the phase of an intake valve becomes a target value. The controlling section executes a process of setting the target value to a steady or transient state phase, a process of calculating a load change rate, and a process of setting a change amount of the transient state phase. The change amount of the transient state phase is set to a change amount when the engine operating state is a transient state and the load change rate is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold. The change amount of the transient state phase is set to a second change amount that is less than the first change amount when the engine operating state is the transient state and the load change rate is less than the threshold.

Abstract: A hydraulic system for a work machine includes a first switch valve and a first return circuit. The first switch valve is switchable between a confluent position and an isolation position. The first switch valve is switched to the confluent position such that a first operation fluid tube is connected to a second operation fluid tube and a first transmission fluid tube is connected to a second transmission fluid tube. The first switch valve is switched to the isolation position such that the first operation fluid tube is disconnected from the second operation fluid tube and the first operation fluid tube is disconnected from the second operation fluid tube.

Abstract: A photochromic curable composition comprising, as radically polymerizable component (A), a silsesquioxane component (A1) having a radically polymerizable group and a bifunctional radically polymerizable monomer (A2) represented by the following general formula (1), wherein a is a number of 0 to 30, and b is a number of 0 to 30 on condition that an average value of a+b is 2 to 30, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and A is a divalent organic group on condition that the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 20, and a photochromic compound (B).

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a photochromic optical article having a photochromic coating layer exhibiting photochromism formed on an optical base such as a plastic lens which has good optical characteristics and photochromic characteristics, and also has good adhesion between the base and the photochromic layer. The method enables to easily produce such a photochromic optical article by improving wettability of a photochromic coating agent for a primer. In this method, the photochromic optical article is produced by forming a primer layer on the optical base surface by coating a primer comprising an emulsion which has a colloidally dispersed urethane resin in a dispersion medium, and then forming on the primer layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a photochromic optical article having a photochromic coating layer exhibiting photochromism formed on an optical base such as a plastic lens which has good optical characteristics and photochromic characteristics, and also has good adhesion between the base and the photochromic layer. The method enables to easily produce such a photochromic optical article by improving wettability of a photochromic coating agent for a primer. In this method, the photochromic optical article is produced by forming a primer layer on the optical base surface by coating a primer comprising an emulsion which has a colloidally dispersed urethane resin in a dispersion medium, and then forming on the primer layer.

Abstract: A working machine rendered to change in setting a maximum value of an absorption torque of hydraulic pump to a rather high value when the working machine is in a specified state, solves problems that, when an operation lever is being operated in an intermediate position of a lever stroke, there occurs a swinging in a machine body due to change-over of a maximum absorption torque setting value so that the operation lever is relatively moved with respect to the machine body to exert an influence on operability and the machine body acting violently. When the maximum absorption torque setting value is E2 position which is good fuel efficiency, upon detection of a full operation of either one or both of the travelling operation member and the boom operation member, controlling to automatically switch to E1 position of a maximum absorption torque larger than that of E2 position is performed.

Abstract: A photoresist developer including a basic aqueous solution containing 0.5˜10 mass % of a particular nonionic surfactant and 0.01-10 mass % of particular ammonium compound, the photoresist developer makes it possible to form a favorable resist pattern with out causing scum even when developing thick photoresists.

Abstract: A photochromic curable composition comprising, as radically polymerizable component (A), a silsesquioxane component (A1) having a radically polymerizable group and a bifunctional radically polymerizable monomer (A2) represented by the following general formula (1), wherein a is a number of 0 to 30, and b is a number of 0 to 30 on condition that an average value of a+b is 2 to 30, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and A is a divalent organic group on condition that the number of carbon atoms is 1 to 20, and a photochromic compound (B).

Abstract: A working machine rendered to change in setting a maximum value of an absorption torque of hydraulic pump to a rather high value when the working machine is in a specified state, solves problems that, when an operation lever is being operated in an intermediate position of a lever stroke, there occurs a swinging in a machine body due to change-over of a maximum absorption torque setting value so that the operation lever is relatively moved with respect to the machine body to exert an influence on operability and the machine body acting violently. When the maximum absorption torque setting value is E2 position which is good fuel efficiency, upon detection of a full operation of either one or both of the travelling operation member and the boom operation member, controlling to automatically switch to E1 position of a maximum absorption torque larger than that of E2 position is performed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to extract a micro foreign body of a few ?m, which may cause a product defect of a device or the like, and to subject the foreign body to a mass analysis at a favorable S/N ratio without any contamination. A micro sample heating probe includes a sample holder made up of two members different in diameter, a supporting part, and a terminal part. The sample holder includes a heating mechanism only in a limited part, and just a region extremely close to the micro sample being an analysis target is heated locally. Therefore, even when a contaminated substance is attached to the probe, such substance is not heated, thereby preventing a noise from occurring, and enabling an analysis at a quite favorable S/N ratio.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a photochromic optical article having a photochromic coating layer exhibiting photochromism formed on an optical base such as a plastic lens which has good optical characteristics and photochromic characteristics, and also has good adhesion between the base and the photochromic layer. The method enables to easily produce such a photochromic optical article by improving wettability of a photochromic coating agent for a primer. In this method, the photochromic optical article is produced by forming a primer layer on the optical base surface by coating a primer comprising an emulsion which has a colloidally dispersed urethane resin in a dispersion medium, and then forming on the primer layer.

Abstract: A photoresist developer including a basic aqueous solution containing 0.5˜10 mass % of a particular nonionic surfactant and 0.01-10 mass % of particular ammonium compound, the photoresist developer makes it possible to form a favorable resist pattern with out causing scum even when developing thick photoresists.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to extract a micro foreign body of a few ?m, which may cause a product defect of a device or the like, and to subject the foreign body to a mass analysis at a favorable S/N ratio without any contamination. A micro sample heating probe includes a sample holder made up of two members different in diameter, a supporting part, and a terminal part. The sample holder includes a heating mechanism only in a limited part, and just a region extremely close to the micro sample being an analysis target is heated locally. Therefore, even when a contaminated substance is attached to the probe, such substance is not heated, thereby preventing a noise from occurring, and enabling an analysis at a quite favorable S/N ratio.