Abstract: Provided is technology that makes it possible to measure visual behavior with respect to objects that are at different distances in the depth direction, while reducing burden on a subject. A method for measuring visual behavior of a subject to design an eyeglass lens includes: a step (a) of ascertaining a head rotation amount that is generated by the subject in a sagittal plane of the subject when gazing at each of a plurality of gaze points that are set at predetermined distances different from each other in a forward depth direction; and a step (b) of determining an eyeball rotation amount that is generated by the subject when gazing at each of the plurality of gaze points, based on the head rotation amount.

Abstract: A pair of progressive power lenses and related techniques thereof are provided, wherein a power distribution on a horizontal cross-section of the right eye lens has a peak at a position that is away from a main gaze line, and a power distribution on a horizontal cross-section of the left eye lens has a peak at a position that is away from a main gaze line in a direction opposite to that of the right eye lens.

Abstract: A designing method of a pair of spectacle lenses, which includes a right-eye spectacle lens and a left-eye spectacle lens, includes a process of designing the pair of spectacle lenses; a power error (unit: diopter (D)) that compensates for a difference between a response of accommodation of a right eye and a response of accommodation of a left eye of a wearer, wherein a response of accommodation (unit: diopter (D)) of each eye is a difference AC (=applied accommodation ACN?applied accommodation ACF) between an applied accommodation ACF of the eye of the wearer exhibited when the wearer views an object at a distance f and an applied accommodation ACN of the eye of the wearer exhibited when viewing an object at a distance n shorter than the distance f.

Abstract: A binocular visual function measurement method including a visual target presentation step of a right eye image viewed by the right eye of a measurement subject and a left eye image viewed by the left eye of the measurement subject to the measurement subject on a single portable display screen; a presentation control step of changing positions where the right eye image and the left eye image are presented, relative to each other; a timing detection step of detecting a timing at which the measurement subject is unable to fuse the right eye image and the left eye image when the presentation positions are changed; and a parameter value calculation step of calculating a predetermined parameter value regarding a binocular visual function of the measurement subject based on a relationship between the relative positions of the right eye image and the left eye image when the timing is detected.

Abstract: A measuring method for measuring rotation characteristics of an eyeball of a subject includes: showing display information on a display screen, at a position separated from a reference position, the display screen being shown in front of the eyeball of the subject by a display device that is secured to a head of the subject, the reference position being where a front line of sight of the eyeball of the subject who looks forward straightly, crosses the display screen; changing a direction of a line of sight from the eyeball to the display information by switching the display information to other contents while changing a displayed position of the display information; and judging whether the subject can recognize the contents of the display information at the changed position, to measure the rotation characteristics of the eyeball.

Abstract: A measuring method for measuring sensitivity of eye around certain line of sight includes: showing image of predetermined pattern on a display screen showing in front of eyeball of subject by display device secured to head; showing fixation target focused on by subject, on display screen to make line of sight of subject; showing change region where predetermined pattern image is changed, at anisotropic area around intersection point or fixation target in screen is separated from intersection point and fixation target, intersection point wherein subject certain line of sight focuses on fixation target, crosses display screen; showing change region where predetermined image pattern is changed on display screen, wherein change region manner is continuously or intermittently brought close to or away from intersection point or fixation target in display screen; and determining range wherein subject senses change region by bringing it close or away from intersection point or fixation target.

Abstract: An object is to not lose an effect of suppressing the progression of myopia or hyperopia even in a peripheral area of a spectacle lens. A spectacle lens and a technology related thereto are provided, the spectacle lens including: a first area that causes light rays incident on an object-side face of the lens to exit from an eyeball-side face of the lens and to converge at a predetermined position A on a retina of a wearer; and a plurality of second areas configured to cause light rays to converge at a position B on the object side or a position C on the distal side relative to the position A, wherein, in the first area in a peripheral area of the spectacle lens that is a radius range from 4.

Abstract: Provided is technology that makes it possible to measure visual behavior with respect to objects that are at different distances in the depth direction, while reducing burden on a subject. A method for measuring visual behavior of a subject to design an eyeglass lens includes: a step (a) of ascertaining a head rotation amount that is generated by the subject in a sagittal plane of the subject when gazing at each of a plurality of gaze points that are set at predetermined distances different from each other in a forward depth direction; and a step (b) of determining an eyeball rotation amount that is generated by the subject when gazing at each of the plurality of gaze points, based on the head rotation amount.

Abstract: Provided is technology that makes it possible to design a progressive power lens appropriate for visual behavior of a subject. A method for designing a progressive power lens includes: a step (a) of determining a relationship between a line-of-sight passage position on a surface of a progressive power lens through which a line of sight of a subject wearing the progressive power lens passes and a reactive accommodation amount that the subject exhibits when the line of sight passes through the line-of-sight passage position, based on visual behavior of the subject; a step (b) of judging whether or not the reactive accommodation amount is within an appropriate range; a step (c) of determining a correction method for correcting the progressive power lens based on a result of judgement made in the step (b); and a step (d) of correcting a design of the progressive power lens based on the correction method determined in the step (c).

Abstract: An aspect is to not impair an effect of suppressing the progression of myopia or hyperopia even in a peripheral area of a spectacle lens. A spectacle lens and a technology related thereto are provided, the spectacle lens including: a first area that causes light rays incident on an object-side face of the lens to exit from an eyeball-side face of the lens and to converge at a predetermined position A on a retina of a wearer; a plurality of defocusing second areas configured to cause light rays to converge at a position B on the object side or a position C on the distal side relative to the position A, wherein at least some of the second areas in a peripheral area of the spectacle lens that is a radius range from 4.5 mm to 25 mm from a lens center have a shape that suppresses a variation in a defocusing effect, the variation being more likely to occur as a distance from the lens center increases.

Abstract: A pair of progressive power lenses and related techniques thereof are provided, wherein a power distribution on a horizontal cross-section of the right eye lens has a peak at a position that is away from a main gaze line, and a power distribution on a horizontal cross-section of the left eye lens has a peak at a position that is away from a main gaze line in a direction opposite to that of the right eye lens.

Abstract: A designing method of a pair of spectacle lenses, which includes a right-eye spectacle lens and a left-eye spectacle lens, includes a process of designing the pair of spectacle lenses; a power error (unit: diopter (D)) that compensates for a difference between a response of accommodation of a right eye and a response of accommodation of a left eye of a wearer, wherein a response of accommodation (unit: diopter (D)) of each eye is a difference AC (=applied accommodation ACN?applied accommodation ACF) between an applied accommodation ACF of the eye of the wearer exhibited when the wearer views an object at a distance f and an applied accommodation ACN of the eye of the wearer exhibited when viewing an object at a distance n shorter than the distance f.

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprises: source, primary, and secondary waveguides formed in waveguide layers on a substrate; a light source; and an optical waveguide tap. The light source launches a source optical signal along the source waveguide. The tap divides the source optical signal into a primary optical signal in the primary waveguide and a secondary optical signal in the secondary waveguide. The secondary optical signal emerges from the secondary waveguide to exit the waveguide layers at the substrate edge or to propagate within the waveguide layers as a stray optical signal without confinement by any waveguide. The stray optical signal propagates thusly unconfined into the open mouth of an optical trap that comprises one or more lateral surfaces formed in the waveguide layers and an opaque coating on the lateral surfaces, and comprises a spiral region of the optical waveguide layers with an open mouth and closed end.

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprises: a waveguide substrate, optical cladding formed on the substrate; a waveguide core formed within the cladding, an optically absorptive layer formed within the cladding, and a linearly polarized light source. The waveguide core includes an attenuating segment thereof, and the absorptive layer is formed near the attenuating segment of the core. The core and cladding are arranged to form an optical waveguide that supports a propagating optical mode. The absorptive layer is positioned near the attenuating segment of the core so as to spatially overlap a portion of the optical mode. The extent of the overlap results in a designed level of optical loss per unit distance of propagation of a linearly polarized optical signal along the attenuating segment of the optical core in the optical mode without substantial alteration of the polarization state of the optical signal.

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprises: source, primary, and secondary waveguides formed in waveguide layers on a substrate; a light source; and an optical waveguide tap. The light source launches a source optical signal along the source waveguide. The tap divides the source optical signal into a primary optical signal in the primary waveguide and a secondary optical signal in the secondary waveguide. The secondary optical signal emerges from the secondary waveguide to exit the waveguide layers at the substrate edge or to propagate within the waveguide layers as a stray optical signal without confinement by any waveguide. The stray optical signal propagates thusly unconfined into the open mouth of an optical trap that comprises one or more lateral surfaces formed in the waveguide layers and an opaque coating on the lateral surfaces, and comprises a spiral region of the optical waveguide layers with an open mouth and closed end.

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprises: source, primary, and secondary waveguides formed in waveguide layers on a substrate; a light source; and an optical waveguide tap. The light source launches a source optical signal along the source waveguide. The tap divides the source optical signal into a primary optical signal in the primary waveguide and a secondary optical signal in the secondary waveguide. The secondary optical signal emerges from the secondary waveguide to exit the waveguide layers at the substrate edge or to propagate within the waveguide layers as a stray optical signal without confinement by any waveguide. The stray optical signal propagates thusly unconfined into the open mouth of an optical trap that comprises one or more lateral surfaces formed in the waveguide layers and an opaque coating on the lateral surfaces, and comprises a spiral region of the optical waveguide layers with an open mouth and closed end.

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprises: a waveguide substrate, optical cladding formed on the substrate; a waveguide core formed within the cladding, an optically absorptive layer formed within the cladding, and a linearly polarized light source. The waveguide core includes an attenuating segment thereof, and the absorptive layer is formed near the attenuating segment of the core. The core and cladding are arranged to form an optical waveguide that supports a propagating optical mode. The absorptive layer is positioned near the attenuating segment of the core so as to spatially overlap a portion of the optical mode. The extent of the overlap results in a designed level of optical loss per unit distance of propagation of a linearly polarized optical signal along the attenuating segment of the optical core in the optical mode without substantial alteration of the polarization state of the optical signal.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes fine metal particles formed in numerous regions that were occupied by respective substantially needle-like metal halide fine particles before reduction that are oriented and dispersed in a glass substrate such that the lengthwise directions thereof are almost the same, the fine metal particles being produced by heat-treating the glass substrate in a reducing atmosphere to reduce the substantially needle-like metal halide fine particles. The number of fine metal particles present in at least some of the numerous regions is two or more in each region, 90% or more of the regions each have a volume of 2,500 to 2,500,000 nm3, and the individual volumes of the fine metal particles present in each region are 4 to 40% of the volume of the region in 90% or more of the total number of the regions.

Abstract: A polarization element has a polarizer with an aggregate of metal pieces: Plasmon resonance frequency of a metal piece varies according to the polarization direction of a irradiated on it. In the polarization element, the plasmon resonance frequency in a predetermined direction of a metal piece is substantially equal to the frequency of light irradiated on the polarization element. The real part and the imaginary part of permittivity at the plasmon resonance frequency of a metal piece's constituent material and the refractive index (na) of a dielectric layer satisfy a particular relation.

Abstract: Provided is a polarizing element, which is made into an assembly of metal elements by utilizing the fact that the plasmon resonance wavelengths of metal elements are different for the polarization direction of a light to irradiate the metal elements. The sum of the geometrically sectional areas of the metal elements in a plane substantially normal to the propagation direction of the irradiating light is smaller than the area of the irradiated region of the light, and the sum of the absorbing sectional areas of the metal elements in the plasmon resonance wavelengths is five times or more as large as the area of the irradiated region.