Abstract: A transfer member includes: an inner layer; and an outer layer that is adhered to the inner layer and has a hardness lower than a hardness of the inner layer.

Abstract: A transfer device includes a transfer drum that rotates in conjunction with a fixing roller, a transfer belt that transfers an image onto a medium while rotating along with the transfer drum in a state where the medium is nipped between the transfer belt and the transfer drum, a pressing member that is disposed in a space enclosed by the transfer belt, and a switching unit that moves the pressing member and switches between a pressed state in which the transfer belt is pressed against the transfer drum and a separated state in which the transfer belt is separated from the transfer drum.

Abstract: Provided is a method for regenerating a liquid to be treated, the method includes bringing a lactic acid adsorbent that contains a Mg—Al-based layered double hydroxide having Mg2+ and Al3+ as constituent metals, and an ammonia adsorbent having L-type zeolite, into contact with the liquid to be treated that contains lactic acid and ammonia, to remove lactic acid and ammonia in the liquid to be treated.

Abstract: A lactic acid adsorbent includes at least one of a layered double hydroxide that contains multiple metal hydroxide layers and also contains anions and water molecules held between the metal hydroxide layers, or a layered double oxide that is an oxide of a layered double hydroxide. The metal hydroxide layers contain divalent metal ions M2+ and trivalent metal ions M3+, mole ratio (M2+/M3+) of the divalent metal ions M2+ to the trivalent metal ions M3+ in a layered double hydroxide is 1.9 to 3.6, and the mole ratio in a layered double oxide is 1.8 to 3.6.

Abstract: A lactic acid adsorbent includes a layered double hydroxide that contains multiple metal hydroxide layers and also contains anions and water molecules held between the metal hydroxide layers. The anions include (i) an amino acid such as glutamine, (ii) a dipeptide constituted by one or two kinds of amino acids such as glutamine, (iii) a vitamin such as ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, (iv) a pH buffer such as MES, (v) a glucose metabolite such as pyruvic acid, or (vi) inorganic ions selected from a group including NO3? and Cl?.

Abstract: The ammonia adsorbent contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of L-type zeolite, ferrierite, ZSM-5 type zeolite, strongly acidic cation exchange resin and Prussian blue type complex.

Abstract: The lactic acid adsorbent contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of layered double hydroxide, layered double oxide, weakly basic anion exchange resin having a styrene-bound dimethylamino group, and a strongly basic anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A combustion air supply apparatus 9 of alternating heat exchange type supplies combustion air and discharges combustion exhaust gas at a flow velocity of 80 to 200 m/sec. A burner assembly 4 is configured in such a manner that low-caloric fuel gas is pre-heated with heat of pre-combusting high-caloric fuel gas before the low-caloric fuel gas reaches a mixing starting space CA in the combustion chamber where the pre-combusting high-caloric fuel gas and the low-caloric fuel gas come to burn together in a full scale in the mixing starting space CA. When an air amount of the combustion air supplied through the high-temperature air supply ports of the plurality of fuel gas combustion apparatuses is defined as Q1 and an air amount of the pre-combustion air to be mixed with the high-caloric fuel gas, supplied from the fuel gas combustion apparatuses, is defined as Q2, a total air amount (Q1+Q2) is 1.02 to 1.10 times more than a theoretical air amount QS required for combustion, and a ratio of Q2/(Q1+Q2) is 0.

Abstract: In a burning air feeding device (9) of alternating heat-exchanging type, the feed of burning air and the discharge of a burned exhaust gas are performed at the speeds of 80 to 200 m/sec. A burner structure (4) is constituted such that a low-calorie fuel gas is preheated with the heat of a precombustion high-calorie fuel gas till the low-calorie fuel gas reaches a mixing starting zone (CA), and such that the precombustion high-calorie fuel gas and the low-calorie fuel gas are burned together in the mixing starting zone (CA). The sum (Q1+Q2) of an air quantity (Q1) fed from the hot air feeding ports of a plurality of fuel gas burning devices and an air quantity (Q2) of a precombustion air to be mixed with the high-calorie fuel gas in the plural fuel gas burning devices is set to 1.02 to 1.10 times as high as the stoichiometric air quantity (Qs) necessary for the combustion, and the ratio (Q2/(Q1+Q2)) is set within the range of 0.011 to 0.047.

Abstract: A reactor combustion control method using a high temperature air combustion technology capable of reducing a temperature difference in a reactor without producing cracking and caulking in reaction tubes and the reactor controlled by using the method, the reactor wherein second burners (8) are disposed in a space formed between two or more reaction tubes (7) adjacent to each other so as to inject fuel in the extending direction of the reaction tubes (7).

Abstract: A reactor combustion control method using a high temperature air combustion technology capable of reducing a temperature difference in a reactor without producing cracking and caulking in reaction tubes and the reactor controlled by using the method, the reactor wherein second burners (8) are disposed in a space formed between two or more reaction tubes (7) adjacent to each other so as to inject fuel in the extending direction of the reaction tubes (7), and partial combustion air feeding devices (10) and (11) for the second burners discharging exhaust gas in a combustion chamber (2) to the outside of the reactor through a permeable heat reservoir and feeding combustion air heated to a high temperature by the latent heat of the heat reservoir to the second burners (8) are installed; the method comprising the steps of raising the temperature in the reactor by the combustion of only the first burners (3a) to (6a) until the inside of a reactor body (1) is brought into a high temperature air combustion state, star

Abstract: A pipestill heater capable of increasing heat efficiency without using a large-sized oxidizing agent heating unit. The pipestill heater includes a radiation section and a convection section for preheating process fluid by exhaust gas of an elevated temperature discharged through a gas discharge path. A combustion device including a combination of a burner and a heat exchanger is arranged on a furnace floor constituting a part of a furnace wall. The heat exchanger includes a regenerator heated by exhaust gas to heat an oxidizing agent and a duct structure including an oxidizing agent passage and an exhaust passage. The regenerator is rotated relative to both passages. Exhaust gas is guided through both a gas discharge path and an exhaust passage.