Abstract: There is provided a method of forming a thin functional film by vacuum vapor deposition in which a functional material is heated from the above thereof so that bumping or splashing of the functional material is not caused upon evaporation of the functional material. Specifically, the functional material is placed in a receiving vessel and the functional material is heated by a heater which is located above the functional material so that bumping or splashing is suppressed, whereby a uniform functional film is produced without a pinhole.

Abstract: In a pigment depositing device for forming a recording layer of an optical recording medium, there is used an organic pigment of powder state, in which the diameter of each of particles of the organic pigment is uniform. In consequence, occurrence of splash is prevented when the organic pigment is heated by an electrical heater so that it is prevented that the particles of the organic pigment adhere to a substrate. Moreover, fluidity of the organic pigment in an organic pigment feeding device is raised so that the organic pigment is smoothly fed.

Abstract: In a method for producing an optical recording medium by forming a recording film on a substrate by means of vapor deposition of a pigment material in a high vacuum condition, the temperature (° C.) of an evaporation vessel for heating and evaporating the pigment material is not more than 2.5 times as high as the evaporation starting temperature of the pigment material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tape cassette suitable for VTRs which allows mounting of two kinds of tape cassettes whose outer dimensions are different from each other. The tape cassette has a front cover for covering a magnetic tape stretched in the front of a cassette body and a rear cover for covering the rear side of the magnetic tape, and the front edge of the upper surface of the rear cover is arranged to be normal to the upper surface of the cassette body so as to prevent error-insertion and to allow simple and sure insertion into a VTR and provide an excellent air-tightness, resulting in the prevention of image deterioration due to increase of drop out caused by entering of dust and so on.

Abstract: A tape cassette adapter has a compact cassette, the magnetic tape of which is drawn out of the compact cassette by the movement of a tape drawing member from an inoperative position to an operative position due to movement in a single direction by a slide member. The tape is wound back onto a take-up reel of the compact cassette by a rotating member due to movement of the slide member in the reverse direction, while the tape drawing member returns from the operative position to the inoperative position.

Abstract: A tape cassette adapter which is useful for a tape recording and/or reproducing apparatus such as a video tape recorder and draws a tape out of a compact cassette by the movement of a tape drawing mechanism from an inoperative position to an operative position. The tape cassette adapter comprises an engaging member which engages to rotate synchronously with a take-up reel drive shaft of the standard size magnetic tape cassette apparatus, a take-up reel drive mechanism for rotating the take-up reel of the compact cassette, and a joint mechanism of rotational power transmission between the rotational member and the take-up reel drive mechanism. Consequently the tape cassette adapter is able to be mounted on apparatuses smoothly, even if the position of the take-up reel drive shaft deviates from a standard position.

Abstract: A sewing machine having a rotary hook shaft, a bobbin case with a hollow cylindrical shaft journalled through the rotary hook shaft, and a bobbin rotatably mounted on the shaft of the bobbin case. An axially spring-biased cylindrical member is provided for unitary rotation with the bobbin and axially movable between a first position in which it is held against the lateral edges of the thread layers when the latter is present through the length of the cylinder of the bobbin and a second position in which the thread layers have reduced to a predetermined radial extent. A detector is provided to sense the axial movement of the spring-biased cylinder member from the first to second positions.

Abstract: A frost detector comprises a piezoelectric element secured on a metal diaphragm and inside an air-tight space formed by the diaphragm, a base and a bellows which air-tightly and resiliently connects the diaphragm and the base, the base being secured on a fin of a heat exchanger, the piezoelectric element being connected to an oscillation circuit and an oscillation detection circuit; resonance frequency and impedance characteristic of the piezoelectric element being changed by frosting on the outside face of the diaphragm, and the frosting being detected through a change or stopping of the oscillation and resultant output signal by the oscillation detection circuit.