Abstract: A light scanning apparatus satisfies the following conditions: 0.60? (dYmax?/d?)/(dY0/d?)?0.98; and 0.50<Sk/ft<1.00, where, when a deflecting unit rotates at a constant angular velocity, ? represents a scanning angle between a principal ray of a light flux immediately after deflected by the deflecting unit and an optical axis of an imaging optical system, Y0 represents an on-axis image height, Ymax? represents a first outermost off-axis image height on a side opposite to a light source with respect to the optical axis of the imaging optical system in a main scanning cross section, ft represents a focal distance of the imaging optical system in the main scanning cross section, and Sk represents a distance between a rear-side principal plane of the imaging optical system and a scanned surface on an optical path of a principal ray of the light flux that travels to the on-axis image height.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an anti-tumor agent that exhibits a remarkably excellent anti-tumor effect. According to the present invention, there is provided an anti-tumor agent for curing cancer, the anti-tumor agent having a liposome which has an inner water phase and having an aqueous solution which is an outer water phase and disperses the liposome, in which the liposome encompasses topotecan or a salt thereof, a lipid constituting the liposome contains a lipid modified with polyethylene glycol, dihydrosphingomyelin, and cholesterol, the inner water phase contains an ammonium salt, and the topotecan or the salt thereof encompassed in the liposome is administered at a dose rate of 0.1 mg/m2 body surface area to 10 mg/m2 body surface area, in terms of topotecan per administration.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R1 represents a branched lower alkyl group having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms or the like; R2 represents a 6-membered heteroaryl group having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkanoylamino group or the like; R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or the like; X1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; X2 represents an oxygen atom or a single bond; and m indicates an integer of from 0 to 4. This compound has a metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 inhibitory effect, and therefore is useful for the treatment of a brain disorder such as convulsion, acute pain, inflammatory pain, chronic pain, cerebral infraction or transient cerebral ischemic attack, a mental dysfunction such as schizophrenia, and a disease such as anxiety and drug addition.

Abstract: The present invention provides the compounds represented by formula (I): or pharmaceutical salts thereof, wherein: X1 represents oxygen atoms and the like, X2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X3 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X4 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, R1 represents formula (II-1): wherein X5 represents sulfur atoms and the like, A1 represents carbon atoms and the like, A2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like and A ring represents phenyl group and the like, having mGluR1 inhibiting effect, and being useful for preventing or treating convulsion, acute pain, inflammatory pain, chronic pain, brain disorder such as cerebral infarction or transient ischemick attack, psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia, anxiety, drug dependence, Parkinson's disease, or gastrointestinal disorder.

Abstract: The present invention provides the compounds represented by formula (I): (I) or pharmaceutical salts thereof, wherein: X1 represents oxygen atoms and the like, X2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X3 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, X4 represents nitrogen atoms and the like, R1 represents formula (II-1): wherein X5 represents sulfur atoms and the like, A1 represents carbon atoms and the like, A2 represents nitrogen atoms and the like and A ring represents phenyl group and the like, having mGluR1 inhibiting effect, and being usefull for preventing or treating convulsion, acute pain, inflammatory pain, chronic pain, brain disorder such as cerebral infarction or transient ischemick attack, psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia, anxiety, drug dependence, Parkinson's disease, or gastrointestinal disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R1 is a linear or branched alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a linear or branched lower alkyl group, etc.; R2 is halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, etc.; Q1 is carbon atom or nitrogen atom; Q2 is carbon atom which may be substituted with oxo group; the formula (III): ??(II) is a single bond or a double bond; A is a group selected from the group consisting of the substitutent group ?; and R5 is hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, cyano group, an alkoxy group or a trialkylsilyl group; having an mGluR1 inhibiting action and being useful as treatment and/or prevention of convulsion, acute pain, cerebral disturbance such as cerebral infarction or transient cerebral ischemia onset, anxiety, chemical dependency or Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R1 represents a branched lower alkyl group having from 3 to 9 carbon atoms or the like; R2 represents a 6-membered heteroaryl group having 1 or 2 nitrogen atoms or the like; R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkanoylamino group or the like; R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or the like; X1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; X2 represents an oxygen atom or a single bond; and m indicates an integer of from 0 to 4. This compound has a metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 inhibitory effect, and therefore is useful for the treatment of a brain disorder such as convulsion, acute pain, inflammatory pain, chronic pain, cerebral infraction or transient cerebral ischemic attack, a mental dysfunction such as schizophrenia, and a disease such as anxiety and drug addition.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which are represented by the general formula [I] [in which A stands for a group of the following formula [ao] or [b0] Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 stand for optionally substituted phenyl; k stands for 0 or 1; m, n and s stand for 0, 1 or 2; R1 stands for hydrogen or optionally substituted lower alkyl; R2, R3, R4 and R5 either stand for hydrogen or optionally substituted lower alkyl, or R2 and R3, or R4 and R5 together stand for trimethylene and the like; R60 stands for hydrogen, alkyl, or the like; R61 and R71 either stand for alkyl and the like, or together stand for trimethylene and the like; X stands for carbonyl or methylene; Y stands for nitrogen or methine; and Q? stands for anion], and the like. The compounds of the invention exhibit selective antagonism to muscarinic M3 receptors, and therefore are useful as safe and effective agents showing little side effect, for treating diseases of the respiratory, urinary and digestive systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R1 is a linear or branched alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a linear or branched lower alkyl group, etc.; R2 is halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, etc.; Q1 is carbon atom or nitrogen atom; Q2 is carbon atom which may be substituted with oxo group; the formula (III): ??(II) is a single bond or a double bond; A is a group selected from the group consisting of the substitutent group ?; and R5 is hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, cyano group, an alkoxy group or a trialkylsilyl group; having an mGluR1 inhibiting action and being useful as treatment and/or prevention of convulsion, acute pain, cerebral disturbance such as cerebral infarction or transient cerebral ischemia onset, anxiety, chemical dependency or Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to benzimidazolone derivatives, represented by compounds of a general formula [I] [in which R1 and R2 stand for, e.g., hydrogen atoms; R3a, R3b, R4, R5 stand for, e.g., hydrogen atoms and alkyl groups; R6 stands for e.g., aryl or heteroaryl groups; A ring stands for 5- to 8-membered aliphatic heterocyclic ring containing one nitrogen atom; and Z stands for carbonyl group or sulfonyl group]. The benzimidazolone derivatives of the invention exhibit antagonism to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and are useful as treating agent and/or prophylactic of Parkinson's disease, drug-induced parkinsonism, dystonia, akinesia, pancreatitis, bilestone/cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia, achalasia, pain, itch, cholinergic urticaria, irritable bowel syndrome, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, Meniere's disease, motion sickness and urinary disturbance.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which are represented by the general formula [I] [in which A stands for a group of the following formula [a0] or [b0] Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 stand for optionally substituted phenyl; k stands for 0 or 1; m, n and a stand for 0, 1 or 2; R1 stands for hydrogen or optionally substituted lower alkyl; R2, R3, R4 and R5 either stand for hydrogen or optionally substituted lower alkyl, or R2 and R3, or R4 and R5 together stand for trimethylene and the like; R60 stands for hydrogen, alkyl, or the like; R61 and R71 either stand for alkyl and the like, or together stand for trimethylene and the like; X stands for carbonyl or methylene; Y stands for nitrogen or methine; and Q− stands for anion], and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which are represented by the general formula [I] 1

Abstract: This invention relates to benzimidazolone derivatives, represented by compounds of a general formula [I] 1

Abstract: This invention relates to the compounds represented by the general formula [I], [in which A—D signify optionally substituted methine group(s) or nitrogen atom; E signifies oxygen or sulfur atom; signify optionally substituted mono- or bi-cyclic aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group(s); R1 signifies lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cyclo(lower alkyl), lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted lower alkyl and the like; and R2 signifies lower alkyl].