Abstract: There is provided an image pickup apparatus that is capable of eliminating the influence of errors attributed to differences in characteristics between lens devices attached to the image pickup apparatus such as a camera or errors attributed to differences in characteristics between optical component elements within the main body of the image pickup apparatus, to thereby enable setting a proper exposure compensation value. An image pickup device receives light passing through a lens device and outputs an image signal, and a photometric sensor receives the light passing through the lens device and outputs luminance information. A main control circuit sets an exposure compensation value according to an output from the photometric sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photometer for making the photometry that can deal with various back light situations. For this purpose, a screen is two-dimensionally divided into plural areas, whereby one-dimensional projection data is calculated from the brightness data acquired from plural areas, and the maximum value of the calculated one-dimensional projection data is detected. Thus, the exposure compensation is made based on the detected maximum value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photometer for making the photometry that can deal with various back light situations. For this purpose, a screen is two-dimensionally divided into plural areas, whereby one-dimensional projection data is calculated from the brightness data acquired from plural areas, and the maximum value of the calculated one-dimensional projection data is detected. Thus, the exposure compensation is made based on the detected maximum value.

Abstract: There is provided an image pickup apparatus that is capable of eliminating the influence of errors attributed to differences in characteristics between lens devices attached to the image pickup apparatus such as a camera or errors attributed to differences in characteristics between optical component elements within the main body of the image pickup apparatus, to thereby enable setting a proper exposure compensation value. An image pickup device receives light passing through a lens device and outputs an image signal, and a photometric sensor receives the light passing through the lens device and outputs luminance information. A main control circuit sets an exposure compensation value according to an output from the photometric sensor.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film for magnetic recording media, which has (1) a dimensional change between before treated and after treated in a width direction of 0.40% or less when the film is treated at 49° C. and 90% RH under a load of 170 (g/12.65 mm) in a longitudinal direction for 72 hours, (2) a crystallinity of 27 to 45%, (3) a temperature expansion coefficient &agr;t (×10−6/° C.) and a humidity expansion coefficient &agr;h (×10−6/% RH) in a width direction of the film which satisfy the relationship (&agr;t+2&agr;h)≦45, (4) a heat shrinkage factor in a width direction of the film of 0 to 0.7%, and (5) a thickness of 3 to 7 &mgr;m. This film is useful particularly for digital data storage of a linear track system, is almost free from an error caused by track dislocation due to a dimensional change in the width of a tape and improves output characteristics.

Abstract: A base film for magnetic recording media, comprising a film layer containing inert fine particles and having an agglomeration rate of the inert fine particles on the surface of the film of 4 to 20%, or a film layer containing inert fine particles and an ester wax of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 8 or more carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol and having a water contact angle of the exposed surface of 70 to 90°. A magnetic recording medium, particularly a metal deposited thin film magnetic recording medium comprising this base film is excellent in electromagnetic conversion characteristics.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminate polyester film for magnetic recording medium, which is a laminate film comprising a base layer (A) formed of a polyester resin and a coating layer (B) which exists on one surface of the base layer (A) and contains a binder resin, added fine particles and a surfactant, wherein the base layer (A) is a biaxially oriented film which substantially contains no fine particles added or contains 0.001 to 0.1% by weight of added fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.005 to 0.3 &mgr;m, the coating layer (B) has a surface having a central plane roughness (SRa) of 5 nm or less, the surface of the coating layer (B) has protrusions having a major diameter of 0.05 &mgr;m or more in a density of 80,000 pieces/mm2 or less and has extra-large protrusions having a major diameter of 10 &mgr;m or more in a density of 20 pieces/cm2 or less.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminated polyester film which is excellent in film winding properties and handling properties and provides excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristics when it is used as a base film for high-density magnetic recording media, particularly digital recording magnetic recording media. This film consists of a polyester A layer and a polyester B layer formed on one side of the polyester A layer and is characterized in that: (1) the polyester A layer contains three different types of fine particles which differ from one another in average particle diameter and has a surface roughness WRa of 5 to 20 nm and a WRz of 100 to 300 nm, (2) the polyester B layer has a surface roughness WRa of 2 to 10 nm and a WRz of 30 to 150 nm, and (3) the film has a friction coefficient of 0.5 or less.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film for magnetic recording media which has (1) a Young's modulus in a machine direction of 5.0 GPa or less and a Young's modulus in a direction perpendicular to the machine direction of 8.0 GPa or more, (2) a surface roughness on one side of 0.3 to 1.5 nm when measured for a measurement area of 246.6×187.5 &mgr;m and 0.1 to 3.0 nm when measured for a measurement area of 2.5×1.9 mm and a surface roughness on the other side of 0.6 to 2.5 nm when measured for a measurement area of 246.6×187.5 &mgr;m and 0.1 to 5.0 nm when measured for a measurement area of 2.5×1.9 mm, and, (3) controlled heat shrinkage factors in the machine and transverse directions at 105° C. and 150° C.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented polyester film which has a difference between refractive index on the front side and refractive index on the rear side of the film of 0 to 0.002, a heat shrinkage factor of 0 to 0.6% when it is heated at 105° C. for 30 minutes under no load, a Young's modulus of 4,609 MPa (470 kg/mm2) or more and a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of Young's modulus on the film plane of 981 MPa (100 kg/mm2) or less, a center line average roughness on the film plane of 2 to 10 nm, and a static friction coefficient of 0.55 or less. A flexible disk having excellent electromagnetic conversion characteristics can be produced by forming an adhesive layer on both sides of the film and a magnetic layer on the adhesive layer.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminate polyester film (1) has a first polyester layer having a thickness (tA) of 0.3 to 5 &mgr;m and a second polyester layer containing an inert fine particle lubricant and having a thickness (tB) of 1.5 to 9 &mgr;m, or (2) has a first polyester layer having a thickness (tA) of 2 to 8.5 &mgr;m and a second polyester layer containing an inert fine particle lubricant and having a thickness (tB) of 0.6 to 5 &mgr;m. The polyester of the second polyester layer may contain a recovered polyester having the same composition as a recovered laminate polyester film which is the biaxially oriented laminate polyester film or an unstretched film thereof.

Abstract: A laminate film has a coated film layer containing a binder resin and an organic filler. The laminate film satisfies the following expressions (1) and (2) when it is heated at 200° C. for 120 minutes: 0≦(Ra1−Ra2)/Ra1<0.4  (1) 0.1<Ra2<7  (2) wherein Ra1 is an average roughness of root mean square (nm) of an exposed surface of the coated film layer before the heat treatment, and Ra2 is an average roughness of root mean square (nm) of the exposed surface of the coated film layer after the heat treatment. The film has protrusions with two or more interference fringes on the surface at a density of 100 per 100 cm2 at the most. The present laminate film is useful as a base film for a magnetic recording medium.

Abstract: A laminate film has a coated film layer containing a binder resin and an organic filler. The laminate film satisfies the following expressions (1) and (2) when it is heated at 200° C.

Abstract: A composite polyester film comprising (1) a base film C of an aromatic polyester which does not contain or contains inert particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 2,000 nm in an amount of 0.001 to 5.

Abstract: A composite polyester film comprising (1) a base film C of an aromatic polyester which does not contain or contains inert particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 2,000 nm in an amount of 0.001 to 5.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminated polyester film comprising a first polyester layer which contains two different types of inert fine particles having different average particle diameters and has a surface roughness of 4 to 15 nm and a second polyester layer which may contain inert fine particles and has a surface roughness of 0.5 to 3.5 nm. The film has a friction coefficient between the first polyester layer and the second polyester layer of 0.5 or less and a good roll form. A cover layer may be further formed on the second polyester layer. The film can be used as a magnetic recording medium by forming a magnetic layer on the second polyester layer or the cover layer overlying the second polyester layer.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminate polyester film (1) has a first polyester layer having a thickness (tA) of 0.3 to 5 &mgr;m and a second polyester layer containing an inert fine particle lubricant and having a thickness (tB) of 1.5 to 9 &mgr;m, or (2) has a first polyester layer having a thickness (tA) of 2 to 8.5 &mgr;m and a second polyester layer containing an inert fine particle lubricant and having a thickness (tB) of 0.6 to 5 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminate polyester film (1) has a first polyester layer having a thickness (tA) of 0.3 to 5 &mgr;m and a second polyester layer containing an inert fine particle lubricant and having a thickness (tB) of 1.5 to 9 &mgr;m, or (2) has a first polyester layer having a thickness (tA) of 2 to 8.5 &mgr;m and a second polyester layer containing an inert fine particle lubricant and having a thickness (tB) of 0.6 to 5 &mgr;m. The polyester of the second polyester layer may contain a recovered polyester having the same composition as a recovered laminate polyester film which is the biaxially oriented laminate polyester film or an unstretched film thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low electrostatic composite polyester film comprising a base film C, a coating layer A formed on one side of the base film C, and a coating layer B formed on the other side of the base film C, where (1) the coating layer A is formed of a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin coating inert particles and has a center line average roughness (Ra−A) of the surface of 0.1 to 2 nm; (2) the coating layer B includes 1 to 40 wt % of inert particles and a composition containing a water-soluble or water-dispersible resin, the resin-containing composition containing 5 to 85 wt % of a silicone-modified polyester resin or 1 to 30 wt % of silicone or wax based on the layer B; and (3) the base film C is formed of an aromatic polyester.

Abstract: A biaxially oriented laminate polyester film in which each of the layers contains at least two different lubricant particles, and each of two members out of the lubricant particles of one layer and each of two members out of the lubricant particles of the other layer have the same substrates and the same average particle diameters, respectively, the biaxially oriented laminate polyester film enables the direct recycling of the recovered polymer for production of the film.