Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present disclosure includes: a liquid crystal layer; a drive substrate including a light-shielding region and a transmissive region; a plurality of pixel electrodes that is transmissive and provided at a position corresponding to the transmissive region on the drive substrate; a counter substrate disposed to be opposed to the drive substrate with the plurality of pixel electrodes and the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween; a first layer provided between the counter substrate and the liquid crystal layer and including a material having a first refractive index; and a second layer that is provided in at least a portion of a region corresponding to the light-shielding region in the first layer, includes a material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index, and has a rectangular cross-sectional shape in a thickness direction.

Abstract: An optical system of the present disclosure includes a projection optical system, an optical path splitting unit, and a detection optical system. The projection optical system includes a plurality of lenses and projects, on a projection surface, an image generated by a light valve. A detection object is on side of the projection surface, and object light is incident from the side of the projection surface. The optical path splitting unit is on the side of the projection surface relative to one of the plurality of lenses most adjacent to the light valve. The detection optical system includes at least one lens between an imaging device and the optical path splitting unit. The object light is incident through the optical path splitting unit on the detection optical system.

Abstract: An optical system of the present disclosure includes: a first optical system that includes a first optical element having a plurality of divided regions having mutually different polarization actions, the first optical element being disposed at a first pupil position in the optical system, and that generates illumination light including a plurality of color light beams in mutually different wavelength bands; a plurality of light valves that each modulates at least one color light beam of the plurality of color light beams included in the illumination light; and a second optical system that includes a second optical element having a plurality of divided regions having mutually different polarization actions, the second optical element being disposed at a second pupil position conjugate to the first pupil position, and on which the plurality of color light beams modulated by the plurality of light valves is incident.

Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes a light source, an optical member, and an integrator. The optical member is rotatable around a rotation axis AR. A planar shape of the optical member is annular around the rotation axis AR. A first surface of the optical member is provided with a recessed and protruding portion. Multiple recessed and protruding structure units are consecutively formed on the optical member . Adjacent recessed and protruding structure units are in a mirror symmetry relation, and the recessed and protruding portions of the adjacent recessed and protruding structure units are smoothly connected together. Recessed portions and protruding portions of the recessed and protruding portion of each recessed and protruding structure unit are smoothly connected together. An area occupied by the recessed and protruding portion of each recessed and protruding structure unit is larger in size than incident light from the light surface.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to the present disclosure includes: a liquid crystal layer; a drive substrate including a light-shielding region and a transmissive region; a plurality of pixel electrodes that is transmissive and provided at a position corresponding to the transmissive region on the drive substrate; a counter substrate disposed to be opposed to the drive substrate with the plurality of pixel electrodes and the liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween; a first layer provided between the counter substrate and the liquid crystal layer and including a material having a first refractive index; and a second layer that is provided in at least a portion of a region corresponding to the light-shielding region in the first layer, includes a material having a second refractive index lower than the first refractive index, and has a rectangular cross-sectional shape in a thickness direction.

Abstract: An optical system of the present disclosure includes: a first optical system that includes a first optical element having a plurality of divided regions having mutually different polarization actions, the first optical element being disposed at a first pupil position in the optical system, and that generates illumination light including a plurality of color light beams in mutually different wavelength bands; a plurality of light valves that each modulates at least one color light beam of the plurality of color light beams included in the illumination light; and a second optical system that includes a second optical element having a plurality of divided regions having mutually different polarization actions, the second optical element being disposed at a second pupil position conjugate to the first pupil position, and on which the plurality of color light beams modulated by the plurality of light valves is incident.

Abstract: A projection optical system according to the present disclosure includes an intermediate image forming lens group and a concave mirror. The intermediate image forming lens group forms an intermediate image of an image of a projection target. The concave mirror is disposed on an optical path after the intermediate image is formed. The concave mirror forming a projection image on a projection surface. The intermediate image forming lens group and the concave mirror are disposed in order from side of the image of the projection target toward side of the projection surface. The intermediate image forming lens group includes a movable group that travels on an optical axis to perform focus adjustment. The movable group includes a concave lens having an aspherical surface.

Abstract: A projection optical system according to the present disclosure includes an intermediate image forming lens group and a concave mirror. The intermediate image forming lens group forms an intermediate image of an image of a projection target. The concave mirror is disposed on an optical path after the intermediate image is formed. The concave mirror forming a projection image on a projection surface. The intermediate image forming lens group and the concave mirror are disposed in order from side of the image of the projection target toward side of the projection surface. The intermediate image forming lens group includes a movable group that travels on an optical axis to perform focus adjustment. The movable group includes a concave lens having an aspherical surface.

Abstract: An optical system of the present disclosure includes a projection optical system, an optical path splitting unit, and a detection optical system. The projection optical system includes a plurality of lenses and projects, on a projection surface, an image generated by a light valve disposed on a first optical path. Object light entering from a detection object is incident on the projection optical system. The detection object is disposed on side of the projection surface, and the object light is incident from the side of the projection surface. The optical path splitting unit is disposed on the side of the projection surface relative to one of the plurality of lenses disposed most adjacent to the light valve in the projection optical system, and splits an optical path into the first optical path and a second optical path different from the first optical path.

Abstract: An irradiation optical system includes a uniformizing section and an irradiation lens section. The uniformizing section brings in-plane distribution of light emitted from a light source, close to uniform in-plane distribution. The irradiation lens section diffuses the light in a predetermined direction. The in-plane distribution of the light is brought close to the uniform in-plane distribution by the uniformizing section. The irradiation lens section includes, in order from the light source, a first cylindrical lens and a second cylindrical lens each having negative refractive power in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: An illumination unit includes a laser light source that intermittently emits laser light as a source of illumination light at a predetermined light emission frequency, a vibration device disposed in an optical path of the laser light, and a driver that vibrates the vibration device at a predetermined vibration frequency to change coherence of the laser light, in which, with respect to a design frequency fA that satisfies fA?0.5?f?A?fA+0.5, when a minimum value m (other than 0) that satisfies m(fA/fLD)?Round[m(fA/fLD)]=0 is determined, 3?m?6 is satisfied, where fLD is the light emission frequency and f?A is the vibration frequency.

Abstract: The projection display unit includes an illumination section including one or a plurality of light sources, a light valve that modulates light emitted from the illumination section and outputs the modulated light, a projection lens section that projects the light outputted from the light valve onto a projection surface, a light-receiving section including an imaging device that receives light incident via the projection lens section, and an optical device that allows for splitting into respective optical paths that pass through the illumination section, the light valve, and the light-receiving section. A first range corresponding to a portion of a pupil range of the projection lens section is assigned for projection, and the light-receiving section includes a light-shielding part that performs light-shielding of a selective part corresponding to the first range, at a position substantially optically conjugate with respect to an aperture of the projection lens section.

Abstract: An irradiation optical system includes a uniformizing section and an irradiation lens section. The uniformizing section brings in-plane distribution of light emitted from a light source, close to uniform in-plane distribution. The irradiation lens section diffuses the light in a predetermined direction. The in-plane distribution of the light is brought close to the uniform in-plane distribution by the uniformizing section. The irradiation lens section includes, in order from the light source, a first cylindrical lens and a second cylindrical lens each having negative refractive power in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: An irradiation optical system includes a uniformizing section and an irradiation lens section. The uniformizing section brings in-plane distribution of light emitted from a light source, close to uniform in-plane distribution. The irradiation lens section diffuses the light in a predetermined direction. The in-plane distribution of the light is brought close to the uniform in-plane distribution by the uniformizing section. The irradiation lens section includes, in order from the light source, a first cylindrical lens and a second cylindrical lens each having negative refractive power in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: The projection display unit includes an illumination section including one or a plurality of light sources, a light valve that modulates light emitted from the illumination section and outputs the modulated light, a projection lens section that projects the light outputted from the light valve onto a projection surface, a light-receiving section including an imaging device that receives light incident via the projection lens section, and an optical device that allows for splitting into respective optical paths that pass through the illumination section, the light valve, and the light-receiving section. A first range corresponding to a portion of a pupil range of the projection lens section is assigned for projection, and the light-receiving section includes a light-shielding part that performs light-shielding of a selective part corresponding to the first range, at a position substantially optically conjugate with respect to an aperture of the projection lens section.

Abstract: An irradiation optical system includes a uniformizing section and an irradiation lens section. The uniformizing section brings in-plane distribution of light emitted from a light source, close to uniform in-plane distribution. The irradiation lens section diffuses the light in a predetermined direction. The in-plane distribution of the light is brought close to the uniform in-plane distribution by the uniformizing section. The irradiation lens section includes, in order from the light source, a first cylindrical lens and a second cylindrical lens each having negative refractive power in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: An image projection method includes: reflecting, by a concave mirror, light having transmitted through one or more lenses after forming an intermediate-focused image of the light; and projecting an image onto a projection plane through reflecting the light reflected by the concave mirror by a plane mirror that has an aspect ratio of 1.9 or more.

Abstract: An illumination device including a light source section including a laser light source, and allowing a laser light beam emitted from the laser light source to be output intermittently at a predetermined frequency; an optical element through which the laser light beam passes; and a driver section changing a coherency of the laser light beam by driving the optical element at a predetermined drive frequency. Expressions (1) |2×f2?n1×f1|?20 or (2) |2×f2?n2×f1|?3, (3) f2?20 or (4) f2?3, and (5) |f2?n1×f1|?20 or (6) |f2?n3×f1|?3 are satisfied, where f1 denotes the predetermined frequency in Hz, f2 denotes a variation frequency of luminance in illumination light output from the optical element in Hz, the variation frequency being generated by the driving of the optical element, n1 denotes an arbitrary integer of 0 to 10 both inclusive, and n2 and n3 denote respective predetermined integers of 0 to 10 both inclusive.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a light source section including a laser light source, and intermittently emitting, at a predetermined frequency, laser light emitted from the laser light source, an optical element passing the laser light emitted intermittently from the light source section, and a drive section vibrating the optical element at a predetermined vibration frequency. An expression 1 or 2 below is satisfied, where f1 [Hz] denotes the frequency, f2 [Hz] denotes a variable frequency of luminance in illumination light emitted from the optical element as a result of vibration of the optical element, n1 denotes an arbitrary integer of 0 or larger and 10 or smaller, and n2 denotes a predetermined integer of 1 or larger.

Abstract: An illumination device includes: a light source section including a laser light source; a first uniformization optical member receiving light from the light source section; a second uniformization optical member receiving light from the first uniformization optical member; an optical device disposed on an optical path of outgoing light from the light source section; and a drive section vibrating the optical device.