Abstract: Ventilating equipment for railway rolling stock including a low-pressure supply air blower, a high-pressure supply air blower, a low-pressure exhaust air blower, and a high-pressure exhaust air blower. This ventilating equipment ventilates car interior during travel of a train outside of tunnels by the low-pressure supply air blower and the low-pressure exhaust air blower, and also ventilates the car interior during travel in tunnels by the high-pressure supply air blower and the high-pressure exhaust air blower. The high-pressure supply air blower and the high-pressure exhaust air blower produce a higher discharge pressure than a changing external pressure during a high-speed travel in tunnels, thereby preventing the propagation of an influence of the changing external pressure into the car interior.

Abstract: An analogue neuron processor (ANP) performs an operation of sum-of-products of a time divisional analog input signal sequentially input from an analog signal bus and weight data and output an analog signal to an analog signal bus through a nonlinear circuit. A layered type or a feedback type neural network is formed of ANPs. The neural network reads necessary control data from a control pattern memory under the control of micro sequencer and reads the necessary weight data from the weight memory thereby realizing a neuron computer. The neuron computer connects a plurality of ANPs by using a single analog bus, thereby greatly decreasing the number of the wires used for the neural network and also decreasing the size of the circuit. A plurality of ANPs in a single layer simultaneously receives analog signal from an analog bus and carries out a parallel operation in the same time period and ANPs in different layers perform a parallel operation in a pipeline manner, thereby increasing a speed of an operation.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic polycarboxylic acids is disclosed, wherein a benzil derivative is oxidized with molecular oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst consisting substantially of at least one heavy metal catalyst selected from cobalt and manganese and a bromine catalyst in a solvent containing at least 50 wt.% of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having at most three carbon atoms.According to this invention, there are provided 4,4'-bis(4-alkylphenyl)benzils (wherein alkyl is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl), which are novel benzil derivative.

Abstract: A flat air conditioner for railway vehicle for installation on the roof of a vehicle is advantageous from the viewpoint of reducing air resistance to the vehicle and the design of the vehicle. The present invention provides such a vehicular air conditioner incorporating an horizontally longer compressor or compressors disposed with the longitudinal axes in a horizontal plane or disposed in a return air chamber to construct the air conditioner in a flat configuration with a small height and in a compact construction.

Abstract: Biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid is prepared by isolating a mixture of diisopropylbiphenyls from a reaction mixture obtained by reacting biphenyl with propylene, crystallizing 4,4'-diisopropylbiphenyl from the mixture of diisopropylbiphenyls, and oxidizing 4,4'-diisopropylbiphenyl or an oxidation intermediate thereof with molecular oxygen in the presence of an oxidation catalyst, which comprises a cobalt catalyst and/or manganese catalyst, in a solvent containing at least 50 wt. % of an aliphatic mono- carboxylic acid having up to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A flat air conditioner for railway vehicle for installation on the roof of a vehicle is advantageous from the viewpoint of reducing air resistance to the vehicle and the design of the vehicle. The present invention provides such a vehicular air conditioner incorporating a horizontally longer compressor or compressors disposed with the longitudinal axes in a horizontal plane or disposed in a return air chamber to construct the air conditioner in a flat configuration with a small height and in a compact construction.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a process for producing 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid comprising oxidizing 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene or its partially oxidized intermediate with molecular oxygen in a solvent containing at least 50% by weight of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, having not more than three carbon atoms, in the presence of a catalyst composed of (i) a heavy metal comprising cobalt and/or manganese and (ii) bromine, and a salt of an inorganic acid having an acid dissociation constant Ka smaller than 1.34.times.10.sup.-5 (at 25.degree. C.) and a vapor pressure lower than that of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid used as the solvent. According to the process of this invention, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid of high bulk density can be obtained in a high yield and with high purity.

Abstract: The present invention aims at securing a steady air conditioning capacity regardless of any fluctuation in speed of an engine in a car air conitioning apparatus using the engine as a power source, which comprises a generator driven by a main engine, a compressor provided with a driving motor, a condenser, an expansion means, an evaporator, a condenser blower, an evaporator blower, and a power controlling means for controlling a power generated by the generator and feeding it to the compressor, condenser blower and evaporator blower.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a highly pure produce of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid in a large quantity at a moderate price by oxidizing 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene while using a water-soluble salt of cobalt, a water-soluble salt of maganese or a mixture thereof, a water-soluble salt of cerium and a bromine compound as the catalyst of the oxidation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid together with trimellitic acid comprising oxidizing 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a heavy metal(s) and bromine.

Abstract: A cryopump and a method of operating the same, with the cryopump being provided with a cryopanel adapted to be cooled with cold heat generated by a cold heat generating device, and remove the ambient gas, and a device for regulating the temperature of said cryopanel in accordance with the ambient conditions. The cryopump is capable of varying its pumping speed by regulating in accordance with the ambient conditions the temperature of the cryopanel which is adapted to be cooled with cold heat and remove the ambient gas.

Abstract: In a cryostat composed of a first liquefied gas reservoir containing therein a first liquefied gas, a second liquefied gas reservoir containing therein a second liquefied gas, which has a boiling point higher than that of the first liquefied gas, the second liquefied gas reservoir being provided around the first liquefied reservoir in order to reduce the heat leak into the first liquefied gas reservoir, and an outer wall surrounding the second liquefied gas reservoir through a vacuum space, a refrigerating machine is arranged in the space within the outer wall and cools the second liquefied gas in the second and first liquefied gas reservoirs and the first liquefied gas whereby the cryostat may be used continuously for a long period of time without periodically supplying the second and third gases.

Abstract: A split type cryogenic cooling apparatus comprising a refrigerator which permits a working gas of a high pressure and an operating temperature to generate cold heat, a cryostat accommodating a vessel containing liquefied fraction of the working gas together with an object to be cooled and a plurality of shield plates surrounding the vessel and maintained at respective temperature levels, and a communicating pipe system providing a communication between the refrigerator and the cryostat and having a vacuum heat insulation. Two or more stages of heat exchangers are disposed in the cryostat with their colder ends held in thermal contact with the shield plates and the vessel of temperature levels corresponding thereto, to thereby suppress an introduction of external heat into the cryostat.

Abstract: A method for preventing the accumulation of an alkali sulfate produced as a by-product in the system for removing sulfur dioxide from exhaust gases containing sulfur dioxide is disclosed, the system comprising bringing the exhaust gas into contact with an aqueous solution containing an alkali sulfite to absorb sulfur dioxide into the solution and to convert the absorbed sulfur dioxide to an acidic alkali sulfite, adding calcium carbonate for the double decomposition of acidic alkali sulfite into the thus obtained aqueous solution containing the acidic sulfite and after removing the precipitated calcium sulfite and accompanying calcium sulfate by filtration, circulating the filtrate as aqueous solution for absorption of sulfur dioxide in the above-mentioned exhaust gas, the method being characterized in that the double decomposition is carried out in two stages by adding calcium carbonate of different particle size, respectively and the filtration is carried out, preferably, in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide

Abstract: In an air conditioning system including a compressor, a condenser for condensing a refrigerant through heat exchange with outdoor air, an expansion valve, an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant through heat exchange with air to be conditioned, and piping connecting these parts together to form a closed main circuit for the refrigerant, there is provided a bypass circuit connecting a point in the main circuit between the condenser and expansion valve to a point in the main circuit between the evaporator and compressor.

Abstract: A reverse-flow air conditioner comprises a compressor for delivering a hot compressed refrigerant gas, a four-way valve for shifting the flow direction of the refrigerant, indoor and outdoor heat exchangers for separately accomplishing the condensation and evaporation of the refrigerant during cooling and heating cycles, a receiver communicated with the both heat exchangers, decompression means for changing the liquid refrigerant, condensed by the indoor or outdoor heat exchanger depending on whether the cycle is for cooling or heating, into a mixture of gaseous and liquid refrigerant portions, and a suction accumulator for separating the refrigerant, vaporized by the indoor or outdoor heat exchanger according to the cycle, into gaseous and liquid portions, the components being interconnected by refrigerant piping.

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide can be removed from a combustion exhaust gas and converted to gypsum by first scrubbing a sulfur dioxide-containing combustion exhaust gas with an aqueous alkali sulfite solution to form an alkali bisulfite-containing aqueous solution and then treating, within a closed system, the thus formed aqueous bisulfite solution with a calcium compound. The efficiency of the sulfur dioxide removal can be increased greatly by adding a portion of alkali sulfite aqueous solution circulating in the system to at least a portion of filtrate from the gypsum separation process to precipitate metallic ionic impurities contained in the filtrate in the form of salts and separate these salts by filtration, and then recirculating the filtrate from the salt separation process to the absorption system.