Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: A positive electrode mixture containing a polyvinylidene fluoride (A); a fluorine-containing copolymer (B) containing vinylidene fluoride unit and tetrafluoroethylene unit; a positive electrode active material (C) represented by the general formula (C): LiyNi1-xMxO2, wherein x is 0.01?x?0.7, y is 0.9?y?2.0, and M represents a metal atom (excluding Li and Ni); and an additive (D). Also disclosed is a positive electrode formed from the positive electrode mixture and a secondary battery including the positive electrode.

Abstract: A positive electrode mixture containing: a polyvinylidene fluoride (A); a positive electrode active material (C) represented by the general formula (C): LiyNi1-XMxO2, wherein x is 0.01?x?0.7, y is 0.9?y?2.0, and M represents a metal atom (excluding Li and Ni); and an additive (D), wherein the polyvinylidene fluoride (A) is a combination of: (A2) a polymer containing vinylidene fluoride unit and a fluorinated monomer unit; and at least one selected from the group consisting of (A3) a polymer containing vinylidene fluoride unit and a polar group-containing monomer unit, and (A4) a polymer containing vinylidene fluoride unit, a fluorinated monomer unit, and a polar group-containing monomer unit. Also disclosed is a positive electrode famed from the positive electrode mixture and a secondary battery including the positive electrode.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound (1) represented by the formula (1), (wherein R101 and R102 are each individually a substituent such as a C1-C7 alkyl group, and the substituent optionally contains at least one divalent to hexavalent hetero atom in a structure or optionally has a structure obtained by replacing at least one hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group) and at least one compound (11) selected from compounds such as a compound represented by formula (11-1) (wherein R111 and R112 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom or the like, and R113 is an alkyl group free from a fluorine atom or the like):

Abstract: For the purpose of providing a direct current power generator accommodating a bicycle hub or a motor for auxiliary power, the structure of which is simple, the weight of which is light and which may generate sufficient electric power and also be applicable to an auxiliary to drive a bicycle without wasting excess energy, a wheel equipped with the direct current power generator accommodating a bicycle hub or the motor for auxiliary power, a bicycle equipped with the direct current power generator accommodating a bicycle hub or the motor for auxiliary power and the direct current power generator accommodating a bicycle hub, a direct current power generator accommodating a bicycle hub or a motor for auxiliary power comprising a hub connected to a bicycle wheel through a spoke, a rotational production part arranged in the hub, at least one or more motor fixed to the center of the hub and engaged with the above mentioned rotational driving part whereby charging and driving may be performed, a rechargeable battery

Abstract: In a closing magnetic circuit, when a movable contact is in contact with a fixed contact and a switching device is closed, N and S poles of a permanent magnet attract the fixed member in a direction in which the movable contact is pressed against the fixed contact. In an opening magnetic circuit, when the movable contact is separated from the fixed contact and the switching device is open, one of the N and S poles of the permanent magnet attracts the fixed member in a direction in which the movable contact is separated from the fixed contact. An operating electromagnet winding increases and decreases the magnetism in the closing magnetic circuit and opening magnetic circuit. With this configuration, it is possible to realize an operating apparatus for a switching device using a simple mechanism and assure a stable operation by producing a great contact load.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing a composite laminate comprising a thermoplastic synthetic resin sheet and an aluminum sheet laminated on each side of the resin sheet, wherein(1) as the thermoplastic resin sheet, a solid sheet is used,(2) as the aluminum sheet, an aluminum sheet having a thermoplastic adhesive layer provided on its surface is used,(3) two such aluminum sheets with the respective adhesive layers facing to each other, with the thermoplastic synthetic resin sheet interposed therebetween, are fed to hot press bonding rollers, and(4) when they are fed to the hot press bonding rollers, (a) a tension of at least 2 kg/mm.sup.2 is exerted to each aluminum sheet, and (b) the thermoplastic adhesive layer provided on the surface of each aluminum sheet is maintained to be in a molten state.

Abstract: A process for preparing dialkyl oxalates by reacting an aliphatic alcohol with carbon monoxide and oxygen under pressure. In the present process, (a) a catalyst consisting of a mixture of a salt of a platinum group metal and a salt of copper or iron and (b) an accelerator composed of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, hydroxides and carboxylates of an alkali metal and of an alkaline earth metal, pyridine, quinoline, glycine, alanine, urea, thiourea, formamide, acetamide, acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, dimethylglyoxime, a tertiary amine, and a substituted or unsubstituted triphenyl phosphine are both used.

Abstract: A novel and industrial process for preparing cyclopentenone derivatives by heating C.sub.5 .about.C.sub.13 aliphatic acids having one substituent or intramolecular esters thereof in the presence of a solid acid catalyst in a good yield.