Abstract: In a drive system of an electric assisted bicycle, a controller includes a vehicle speed calculator to calculate a change gear ratio of a change gear mechanism based on an output signal of a vehicle speed sensor and an output signal of a rotation sensor in response to acquisition of the output signal of the vehicle speed sensor, and calculate a vehicle speed based on the calculated change gear ratio and the output signal of the rotation sensor at a higher frequency than a frequency of the acquisition of the output signal of the vehicle speed sensor. The controller includes an initial target calculator to calculate target power without using the output signal of the vehicle speed sensor in a prescribed period from start of walking, when a walk command is received, and a target calculator to calculate a target power based on the vehicle speed calculated by the vehicle speed calculator after a lapse of the prescribed period.

Abstract: In a drive system of an electric assisted bicycle, a controller includes a vehicle speed calculator to calculate a change gear ratio of a change gear mechanism based on an output signal of a vehicle speed sensor and an output signal of a rotation sensor in response to acquisition of the output signal of the vehicle speed sensor, and calculate a vehicle speed based on the calculated change gear ratio and the output signal of the rotation sensor at a higher frequency than a frequency of the acquisition of the output signal of the vehicle speed sensor. The controller includes an initial target calculator to calculate target power without using the output signal of the vehicle speed sensor in a prescribed period from start of walking, when a walk command is received, and a target calculator to calculate a target power based on the vehicle speed calculated by the vehicle speed calculator after a lapse of the prescribed period.

Abstract: Provided is a brake apparatus and a brake control method capable of improving accuracy of control of a wheel cylinder hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a brake control device in which a stable intermediate opening degree can be achieved. The amount of energization for energizing a solenoid of an electromagnetic valve is calculated in accordance with upstream-downstream pressure difference of the electromagnetic valve before the end of hydraulic pressure adjustment of a braking force generator. The valve opening amount of the electromagnetic valve is controlled to fall within an intermediate opening range between the open and closed positions of the electromagnetic valve.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus includes a first pressure-applying section connected through a first oil passage to a wheel cylinder; a pump; a communication valve provided on a second oil passage which connects the first oil passage with the pump; a backflow passage connecting a suction side of the pump with a portion between the pump and the communication valve; a pressure-regulating valve provided on the backflow passage; and a control unit. The control unit attains a first state that causes the first pressure-applying section to apply hydraulic pressure to the wheel cylinder, and a second state that causes the pump to apply hydraulic pressure to the wheel cylinder by driving the pump and at least one of the communication valve and the pressure-regulating valve. The control unit actuates the at least one with a delay relative to an actuation of the pump, when switching to the second state.

Abstract: Provided is a brake control device capable of preventing increases in device size and cost. A brake control device according to the present invention is arranged between a tandem master cylinder and wheel cylinders and equipped with primary and secondary brake circuit systems, only one of the brake circuit systems has not only a gate-out valve and a pump but also a brake circuit with a control valve. A master cylinder pressure in each fluid pressure chamber of the tandem master cylinder is adjusted by control of the gate-out valve, the pump and the control valve in accordance with driver's brake pedal operation.

Abstract: A brake control apparatus includes a first pressure-applying section connected through a first oil passage to a wheel cylinder; a pump; a communication valve provided on a second oil passage which connects the first oil passage with the pump; a backflow passage connecting a suction side of the pump with a portion between the pump and the communication valve; a pressure-regulating valve provided on the backflow passage; and a control unit. The control unit attains a first state that causes the first pressure-applying section to apply hydraulic pressure to the wheel cylinder, and a second state that causes the pump to apply hydraulic pressure to the wheel cylinder by driving the pump and at least one of the communication valve and the pressure-regulating valve. The control unit actuates the at least one with a delay relative to an actuation of the pump, when switching to the second state.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a cruise control section to control an engine output according to an acceleration/deceleration demand set according to an acceleration/deceleration demand from a driver or a cruise control demand set to match an actual vehicle speed to a preset vehicle speed or to match a vehicle distance relative to a forward-going vehicle to a preset value, whichever demand is greater, a speed shift control section to shift gears and to control the engine output, and a switch control section to switch the cruise control section and speed shift control section according to their priority order. The speed shift control section, upon being switched by the switching control section to the cruise control section after the completion of the shift changing, returns the engine output back to that previous switching state based on the cruise control section.

Abstract: The microcomputer includes a CPU, a ROM, an OSD circuit, a wait signal generation circuit and a bus switch circuit. The ROM stores a program to be executed by the CPU and display data to be on-screen displayed on a display. The OSD circuit reads the display data stored in the ROM and outputs the read data to the display. The wait signal generation circuit generates a wait signal having a first level of a first time period and a second level of a second time period repeated alternately. The wait signal generation circuit determines the length of the first time period according to the amount of the display data to be read from the ROM to the OSD circuit. The bus switch circuit establishes a bus between the OSD circuit and the ROM when the wait signal is in the first level, and establishes a bus between the CPU and the ROM when the wait signal is in the second level.

Abstract: The microcomputer includes a CPU, a ROM, an OSD circuit, a wait signal generation circuit and a bus switch circuit. The ROM stores a program to be executed by the CPU and display data to be on-screen displayed on a display. The OSD circuit reads the display data stored in the ROM and outputs the read data to the display. The wait signal generation circuit generates a wait signal having a first level of a first time period and a second level of a second time period repeated alternately. The wait signal generation circuit determines the length of the first time period according to the amount of the display data to be read from the ROM to the OSD circuit. The bus switch circuit establishes a bus between the OSD circuit and the ROM when the wait signal is in the first level, and establishes a bus between the CPU and the ROM when the wait signal is in the second level.

Abstract: A mutant fungus strain which produces a protease with low thermostability and low productivity was made from protease producing fungi and the gene coding for mutant enzyme is isolated from the mutant strain. A promoter which can function in yeast is ligated to the gene and inserted into a plasmid replicable in yeast, and the resulting plasmid is introduced into yeast. The yeast is cultured, thereby producing the mutant enzyme. Furthermore, a gene expressing an enzyme with a far lower thermostability is prepared by site-directed mutagenesis, which is introduced in yeast, thereby producing an enzyme with more distinctively reduced thermostability.

Abstract: A steam turbine governor system including two governor electronic sections for producing a turbine valve opening command to control the opening of steam valves thereby controlling a flow of steam into the turbine in dependence upon a difference between an actual turbine speed and a target turbine speed and a target turbine load. One governor electronic sections is actually used for controlling the opening of the steam valves, while the other governor electronic section is a stand-by. A first value relating to the turbine speed acceleration rate based on the turbine valve opening command produced by each of the governor electronic sections is obtained so that the first values are obtained parallelly and independently of each other in the two governor electronic sections. Turbine valve opening commands produced by the respective governor electronic sections are compared with each other and produce a start signal when the difference between them exceeds a predetermined level.

Abstract: A combustion control method wherein manipulated variables or the amounts of fuel and air in at least one combustion zone of a boiler are regulated so that both the amount of nitrogen oxides and the amount of unburned coal in the ash at an outlet of a burner furnace or at least one of them passes the regulation standards and satisfies the requirements for operating a plant.

Abstract: This invention relates to the supervision of a combustion state of a combustion furnace. A flame formed concentrically with the direction of a fuel jetted from a burner being the center is measured from its side, and two oxidizing flame zones as high luminance zones are extracted. Using the shape parameters of the flame, an index for reducing NOx and unburnt components in ash are calculated and estimated so as to supervise the combustion state. The positions or centroids of the flames and the distance between the centroids are used as the shape parameters, and the flame shape is divided into two zones for easy display of each zone.

Abstract: A method for increasing the milk coagulating activity of microbial rennet obtained from Mucor pusillus microorganisms, which comprises acylating the microbial rennet in an aqueous medium by contacting the microbial rennet with succinic anhydride at a temperature of about 0.degree. C. to about 40.degree. C. and a pH of about 4 to about 10 for a time sufficient to obtain the desired increase in milk coagulating activity; and improved microbial rennet having a low PA/MCA index and a high MCA index and obtained by the aforesaid method.

Abstract: A method of controlling combustion in a furnace of a boiler or the like having a burner for a main combustion and a burner for a reducing combustion in order to effect combustion for furnace denitrification. The method comprises the steps of: estimating the NO.sub.x generation amount from data on a flame formed by the main combustion; estimating the reducing agent generation amount from data on a flame formed by the reducing combustion; and controlling the flow rates of fuel and air supplied for the main and reducing combustions so that the amount of NO.sub.x emission as the difference between the NO.sub.x generation amount and the reducing agent generation amount is below a specified value. In practice, each of the NO.sub.x generation amount and the reducing agent generation amount is estimated from the flame pattern, the flame volume, the distance between the outlet of the burner concerned and the root of the flame concerned, etc.

Abstract: The present stress in the turbine rotor is estimated at each control period, from the steam temperature and pressure at the turbine inlet. In addition, the future turbine inlet steam temperature or pressure is preestimated once every n.sub.T control cycles, for a given speed or load changing rate, making use of data concerning the changing rate of the turbine steam inlet temperature or pressure in relation with the change of the speed or load, which has been obtained by a learning of the past turbine operating condition. This future steam temperature or pressure at the turbine inlet is used as a factor for preestimating the future stress expected to be caused in the turbine rotor. The preestimation of the rotor stress is performed for a plurality of assumed speed or load changing rates. The turbine is controlled at the maximum speed increase-rate or load changing rate which would not cause the future stress preestimated over a given preestimation time to exceed a limit stress.

Abstract: In a steam turbine-generator with means for determining a load demand signal in accordance with a load reference signal, means for determining the valve opening under each admission mode of full-arc and partial-arc in accordance with said load demand signal and means for adjusting the ratio between valve openings under the each admission mode in accordance with a load change the ratio of steam flow under each of the admission modes is controlled in accordance with a load change so as to minimize the thermal stresses and thereby reduce the turbine load changing time.