Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device using a liquid crystal dispensation alignment method which includes steps of: removing inorganic ions and the like by performing a vacuum drying process on substrates after cleaning alignment layers on which a rubbing process has been performed; and removing foreign objects by performing any one of a process for sucking up foreign objects by use of a nozzle having a specialized shape and a process for blasting a gas to which ultrasonic waves have been applied against the foreign objects, before liquid crystal is dispensed. In addition, a temperature at which sealing material is cured completely is lowered in order to inhibit activation (migration) of organic matters and to thereby reduce visible defects such as alignment bright defects.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal panel, in which a first seal for surrounding a display area is formed on one of a pair of substrates opposite to each other; a second seal for forming a reduced-pressure area is formed outside the display area; a liquid crystal material is dropped in a reduced-pressure state; thereafter, the other substrate is adhered thereto; and the first and second seals are hardened while pushing the substrates from the outsides thereof in an atmospheric pressure state, thus sealing the liquid crystal material. A dropped area of the liquid crystal material is defined satisfy: 2.5b?a?5b where “a” is an interval between an internal peripheral portion of the first seal and an external peripheral portion, and “b” is an interval between an external peripheral portion of the first seal and an internal peripheral portion of the second seal.

Abstract: An organic EL element including an anode and a cathode opposing each other, and having a luminescent layer positioned therebetween, including an aromatic amine derivative designated by a general formula [1] and a dibenzo-{[f,f′]-4,4′,7,7′-tetraphenyl}-diindeno-[1,2,3-cd:1′,2′, 3′-lm] perylene derivative designated by a general formula [2]. The organic EL element has excellent luminescent efficiency, brightness and chromaticity.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display is provided, which can sufficiently control a change of a shade by luminescence of an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer itself, and can always hold a stable chromaticity, and a production method of the same, and an organic electroluminescent display. On a glass substrate is formed a transparent electrode composed of ITO (Indium-Tin-Oxide) as an anode. In addition, on the anode is formed an organic EL layer composed of a hole transport layer which transports a hole, a luminescent layer which emits light by a combination between a hole and an electron, and an electron transport layer which transports an electron. Further, on the electron transport layer is formed a cathode.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) element has a sealed structure improved in humidity resistance. Subsequently deposited on a glass substrate of the organic EL element are components of the organic EL element, that is: a transparent electrode; an organic EL layer; and, a negative electrode. Further, the negative electrode is coated with a protection film on which a dehydrating agent is fixedly mounted using a porous sheet or a like. After that, the organic EL element has all the components sealed using a sealing member in an inert atmosphere to complete the sealed structure thereof.

Abstract: An organic EL element including an anode and a cathode opposing to each other, and at least a luminescent layer, positioned therebetween, including an aromatic amine derivative designated by a general formula [1] and a dibenzo-{[f,f′]-4,4′,7,7′-tetraphenyl}-diindeno-[1,2,3-cd:1′,2′,3′-lm] perylene derivative designated by a general formula [2]. The organic EL element has the excellent luminescent efficiency, brightness and chromaticity.

Abstract: An organic EL element including an anode and a cathode opposing to each other, and at least a luminescent layer, positioned therebetween, including an aromatic amine derivative designated by a general formula [1] and a dibenzo-{[f,f′]-4,4′,7,7′-tetraphenyl}-diindeno-[1,2,3-cd:1′,2′,3′-lm] perylene derivative designated by a general formula [2]. The organic EL element has the excellent luminescent efficiency, brightness and chromaticity.

Abstract: An organic EL element including an anode and a cathode opposing to each other, and at least a luminescent layer, positioned therebetween, including an aromatic amine derivative designated by a general formula [1] and a dibenzo-{[f,f′]-4,4′,7,7′-tetraphenyl}-diindeno-[1,2,3-cd:1′,2′,3′-lm] perylene derivative designated by a general formula [2]. The organic EL element has the excellent luminescent efficiency, brightness and chromaticity.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) element has a sealed structure improved in humidity resistance. Subsequently deposited on a glass substrate of the organic EL element are components of the organic EL element, that is: a transparent electrode; an organic EL layer; and, a negative electrode. Further, the negative electrode is coated with a protection film on which a dehydrating agent is fixedly mounted using a porous sheet or a like. After that, the organic EL element has all the components sealed using a sealing member in an inert atmosphere to complete the sealed structure thereof.

Abstract: A magnetic disk apparatus includes a magnetic disk medium and a magnetic head. The magnetic disk medium has a surface layer formed with an SiO.sub.2 protective film. The magnetic head reads/writes data from/on the magnetic disk medium by contact, start, and stop operations. The magnetic head has a slider having an air bearing surface, a magnetic head element supported by the slider, and an ABS protective film formed on the air bearing surface of the slider.