Abstract: In an illumination optical system constituted to uniformize the intensity distribution of illumination light by use of an optical integrator, the overall length thereof is shortened. The illumination optical system includes: a light source including a laser irradiating illumination light on an illuminated body such as a two-dimensional SLM and an optical integrator; the optical integrator being placed between this light source and the illuminated body and uniformizes the intensity distribution of the illumination light by passing the light through minute cells. In this system, the size of the minute cell of the optical integrator (S1=S2) is 1.5 mm or less.

Abstract: In an illumination optical system constituted to uniformize the intensity distribution of illumination light by use of an optical integrator, the overall length thereof is shortened. The illumination optical system includes: a light source including a laser irradiating illumination light on an illuminated body such as a two-dimensional SLM and an optical integrator; the optical integrator being placed between this light source and the illuminated body and uniformizes the intensity distribution of the illumination light by passing the light through minute cells. In this system, the size of the minute cell of the optical integrator (S1=S2) is 1.5 mm or less.

Abstract: In an illumination optical system constituted to uniformize the intensity distribution of illumination light by use of an optical integrator, the overall length thereof is shortened. The illumination optical system includes: a light source including a laser irradiating illumination light on an illuminated body such as a two-dimensional SLM and an optical integrator; the optical integrator being placed between this light source and the illuminated body and uniformizes the intensity distribution of the illumination light by passing the light through minute cells. In this system, the size of the minute cell of the optical integrator (S1=S2) is 1.5 mm or less.

Abstract: In an illumination optical system constituted to uniformize the intensity distribution of illumination light by use of an optical integrator, the overall length thereof is shortened. The illumination optical system includes: a light source including a laser irradiating illumination light on an illuminated body such as a two-dimensional SLM and an optical integrator; the optical integrator being placed between this light source and the illuminated body and uniformizes the intensity distribution of the illumination light by passing the light through minute cells. In this system, the size of the minute cell of the optical integrator (S1=S2) is 1.5 mm or less.

Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus for use in an engine wherein fuel injection is controlled in accordance with the conditions of the engines operation. This apparatus is provided with a fuel quantity control unit of the distribution type which measures and discharges an amount of fuel in response to detection signals which represent the conditions of the engines operation, and with a plurality of unit injectors for distributing and supplying fuel to their respective engine cylinders, said fuel being set and measured by the fuel quantity control unit.

Abstract: A fuel injection pump for an internal combustion engine has a shaft rotatable by the engine. The shaft is formed therein with a radial bore and an axial bore communicated therewith. Pumping plungers are slidably disposed in the radial bore to cooperate therewith to define a compression chamber and cyclically reciprocated to vary the volume of the compression chamber. An injection plunger is slidably disposed in the axial bore to divide the interior thereof into a first pressure chamber always communicated with the compression chamber and a second pressure chamber adapted to be communicated with a delivery port in a discharge stroke of the pump. The first and second pressure chambers are supplied with fuel in a suction stroke of the pump. The fuel in the second pressure chamber is discharged therefrom in the discharge stroke. A single solenoid valve is provided to control the fuel discharge timing and the quantity of fuel to be discharged from the pump.

Abstract: A fuel injection device is disclosed, which includes a body having first and second bores coupled to each other in series. A delivering plunger is fitted in the first bore, so that it can slide, to define a delivering pump chamber therein. Fuel under a constant pressure is supplied to the delivering pump chamber through a control passage, on which an electromagnetic valve is provided for opening and closing it. An injection plunger is fitted in the second bore, so that it can slide, to define in the second bore a chamber linking the delivering pump chamber and an injection pump chamber. Fuel under a pressure lower than the pressure of fuel in the delivering pump chamber is supplied to the injection pump chamber, which is hydraulically coupled to an injection nozzle.

Abstract: A distribution type fuel injection pump includes a control cylindrical bore into which a control plunger is fitted. The control plunger partitions the control cylindrical bore into first and second chambers. The same pressure as that of fuel in the pumping chamber (which serves to feed fuel) is transmitted to the first chamber, while fuel is supplied to the second chamber through a control passage. An electromagnetic valve is arranged in the control passage and the amount of fuel with which the second chamber is filled is adjusted by controlling the electromagnetic valve.