Abstract: In a heat generating composition which generates heat by contacting with air, a heat generating composition which is characterized in that an exothermic substance, a reaction promoter, water and a carbon component are essential components, water mobility value thereof is 20 or less, maximum particle size of water-insoluble solid components excluding the reaction promoter and water is 1 mm or less where 80% or more thereof has a particles size of 300 ?m or less, water in the heat generating composition does not function as a barrier layer and exothermic reaction takes place when contacted to the air. A heat generating composition having a molding property and a shape-holding property and also having an exothermic characteristic whereby exothermic reaction is able to start by contacting to the air immediately after the molding and a heat generating body using the same are provided.

Abstract: There are provided a heat-generating composition excellent in moldability, shape retaining property and heat-generating characteristics, and a heat-generating body using the same that can maintain the shape of a molded article of the heat-generating composition irrespective to the pressure inside the container bag and has excellent heat-generating characteristics and long-term heat generation maintaining property. It is a non-viscous heat-generating composition having excessive water characterized in that the heat generating composition generating heat in contact with air comprises, as essential components, a water absorbing polymer, a carbon component, a heat-generating promoter, water and a heat-generating substance, has excessive water, and has an incremental degree of viscosity of less than 1,000 cP and a liquid permeation degree of 5 or more.

Abstract: There are provided such a heat-generating body for warming foot in that a heat-generating composition is used that can retain the shape thereof irrespective of the pressure inside the container bag upon using by application to a foot, a footgear or a sock, the heat-generating composition is prevented from migration by fixing a part or a whole thereof inside the packing material, and it is well fit to the shape of the foot upon application to warm the prescribed part effectively for a long period of time, and such a process for producing a heat-generating body for warming foot in that the heat generation reaction of the heat-generating composition is suppressed to prevent loss due to the heat-generating reaction during production, quality deterioration of the heat-generating composition, and various problems associated with solidification of the heat-generating composition, a transferring and laminating method, such as printing, coating, such as mold-through forming, gravure printing, is employed, the non-visc

Abstract: It relates to a heat-generating composition having such dispersion stability that withstands continuous molding, and has excellent drainage property, excellent heat-generating characteristics, excellent molding property and excellent shape retaining property, without becoming viscous, and relates to a heat-generating body using the same and a process for producing the heat-generating body.

Abstract: A transparent heater panel having a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive layer formed on the transparent substrate, electrodes formed on the transparent conductive layer and a transparent protective layer formed on the transparent conductive layer except portions reserved for the electrodes with the end faces of the transparent conductive layer corrosion treated with a transparent protective plastic member or an anticorrosive; and a process for producing the same. The heater panel has improved durability against pollutants, environmental durability, reliability and light transmission.

Abstract: A transparent panel heater which can be used for heating a window portion of liquid crystal displays, refrigerated showcases, freezed showcases, defrosters of windshields, and the like. The panel heater has a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive film formed on the substrate, a substantially light-transmittable metallic electrode-underling-layer formed on the transparent conductive film and a pair of metallic electrodes which are provided for electrifying the conductive film and formed on the electrode-underlying-layer. The transparent conductive film is a laminate of at least one transparent thin layer made of a nitride and/or a carbide and at least one substantially light-transmittable metallic layer. The transparent conductive film and electrode-underlying-layer are preferably formed by a dry process, and the electrodes are preferably formed by a wet plating method.

Abstract: A transparent panel heater which can be used for heating a window portion of liquid crystal displays, refrigerated showcases, freezed showcases, defrosters of windshields, and the like. The panel heater has a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive film formed on the substrate, a substantially light-transmittable metallic electrode-underling-layer formed on the transparent conductive film and a pair of metallic electrodes which are provided for electrifying the conductive film and formed on the electrode-underlying-layer. The transparent conductive film is a laminate of at least one transparent thin layer made of a nitride and/or a carbide and at least one substantially light-transmittable metallic layer. The transparent conductive film and electrode-underlying-layer are preferably formed by a dry process, and the electrodes are preferably formed by a wet plating method.

Abstract: A circuit board for mounting one or more optical devices such as light receiving LSI chips and light emitting LSI chips. The circuit board has a flexible transparent substrate, a window portion which is formed as a slit-like transparent region of the transparent substrate, a plurality of electrodes for bonding the optical devices thereon provided on one surface of the substrate, a plurality of aggregated electrodes provided on the other surface on a region corresponding to the electrodes in a manner extending respectively in the longitudinal direction of the window portion and electrical connection portions penetrating the substrate. Each of the aggregated electrodes is electrically connected with two or more of the electrodes through the electrical connection portion. The circuit board will be used in, for example, an optical reader, an optical printer or the like in such a manner that the light which is coming in and/or going out of the optical device is transmitted through the window portion.

Abstract: A transparent panel heater which can be used for heating a window portion of liquid crystal displays, refrigerated showcases, freezer showcases, defrosters of windshields, and the like. The panel heater has a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive film formed on the substrate, a substantially light-transmittable metallic thin layer formed on the conductive film and a pair of electrodes for electrifying the conductive film. The metallic thin layer is preferably deposited by a dry process such as a sputtering process, an ion plating method, various CVD methods, and the like. The electrodes are preferably formed on the metallic thin layer by a wet plating method.

Abstract: The invention provides a circuit board for an optical element which is disposed in an optical reading apparatus or an optical writing apparatus and is used to irradiate document reading light upon an document or irradiate image writing light upon a photosensitive material through a lighting window thereof.