Abstract: Provided is an encoder capable of achieving high position resolution without being finely divided, and capable of detecting a rotation angle or the like with high sensitivity. The encoder includes: rotary plate (2) having a plurality of reflection structures (10) repeatedly formed and code (20) including light reflector (21); irradiator (4) that irradiates the plurality of reflection structures (10) with light; and light receiver (5) that receives light reflected by the plurality of reflection structures (10). Each of the plurality of reflection structures (10) has a surface in a convex shape, and each of the plurality of reflection structures (10) has a width that is an integral multiple of a width of light reflector (21).

Abstract: There is provided a distance measurement device that can appropriately detect a distance to an object regardless of the distance. The distance measurement device includes a laser light source, a photodetector, and a controller. The controller performs a long-distance routine that detects timing for receiving light when an object is at a long distance, and a short-distance routine that detects the timing for receiving light when the object is at a short distance, based on a detection signal output from the photodetector during one distance measurement operation. The controller then selects one of a detection result of the timing for receiving light by the long-distance routine and a detection result of the timing for receiving light by the short-distance routine, and calculates the distance to the object irradiated with projection light based on the selected detection result.

Abstract: There is provided a distance measurement device that can successfully take in reflected light from a distance measurement area, and at the same time, can achieve compactness of the distance measurement device. The distance measurement device includes a fixed part, a rotating part that is rotatably disposed on the fixed part, a laser light source that is disposed in the fixed part, and a photodetector that is disposed in the fixed part. The distance measurement device further includes a beam splitter that is disposed in the fixed part and separates an optical path of projection light emitted from the laser light source from an optical path of reflected light reflected by a distance measurement area and an imaging lens that is disposed in a common optical path of projection light and reflected light and is used for taking in reflected light reflected by the distance measurement area.

Abstract: A light emission device includes a plurality of light sources, a light deflector that deflects excitation light beams emitted by the plurality of light sources, and a wavelength converter that receives and converts the excitation light beams deflected by the light deflector to wavelength-converted light of a different wavelength, and emits the wavelength-converted light. The light deflector includes one movable mirror on which the excitation light beams are incident along different optical axes. The excitation light beams have equally long optical path lengths from the one movable mirror to the wavelength converter.

Abstract: There is provided a distance measurement device that can appropriately detect a distance to an object regardless of the distance. The distance measurement device includes a laser light source, a photodetector, and a controller. The controller performs a long-distance routine that detects timing for receiving light when an object is at a long distance, and a short-distance routine that detects the timing for receiving light when the object is at a short distance, based on a detection signal output from the photodetector during one distance measurement operation. The controller then selects one of a detection result of the timing for receiving light by the long-distance routine and a detection result of the timing for receiving light by the short-distance routine, and calculates the distance to the object irradiated with projection light based on the selected detection result.

Abstract: There is provided a distance measurement device that can successfully take in reflected light from a distance measurement area, and at the same time, can achieve compactness of the distance measurement device. The distance measurement device includes a fixed part, a rotating part that is rotatably disposed on the fixed part, a laser light source that is disposed in the fixed part, and a photodetector that is disposed in the fixed part. The distance measurement device further includes a beam splitter that is disposed in the fixed part and separates an optical path of projection light emitted from the laser light source from an optical path of reflected light reflected by a distance measurement area and an imaging lens that is disposed in a common optical path of projection light and reflected light and is used for taking in reflected light reflected by the distance measurement area.

Abstract: A light source device includes: a semiconductor light-emitting element; a converging optical system which converges the excitation light emitted from the semiconductor light-emitting element; and a wavelength conversion element to which the excitation light is emitted. The wavelength conversion element includes: a first wavelength conversion region where main light enters; and a second wavelength conversion region which is disposed in the surrounding region of the first wavelength conversion region and where the excitation light excluding the main light enters. The wavelength conversion efficiency in the second wavelength conversion region is lower than the wavelength conversion efficiency in the first wavelength conversion region.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion element includes a substrate, a wavelength converting member disposed on at least part of a surface of substrate and having a shape of a plate or film, and a light receiver integrated in the substrate and including a p-n junction composed of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor.

Abstract: To provide an optical pick-up apparatus and an optical disc apparatus preventing a polarization hologram from being deteriorated by incidence of laser light having a wavelength for a blue laser into the polarization hologram for a CD or a DVD, an optical pick-up apparatus includes a first objective lens 10 converging first laser light having a long wavelength and irradiating it onto a first optical disc, a second objective lens 13 disposed adjacent to the first objective lens 10, which converges second laser light having a shorter wavelength than the first laser light and irradiates it onto a second optical disc, a standing mirror 9 allowing the first laser light to be irradiated onto the first objective lens 10 and transmitting the second laser light, and a filter film 11g provided between the first objective lens 10 and the standing mirror 9, which transmits the laser light and screens the second laser light.

Abstract: In a bidirectional optical module, a technique for attaining a miniaturization and a lower cost of a bidirectional optical module in which one optical fiber propagation path can be bused in two ways is disclosed. According to this technique, a molded product 12 is made of a transparent material, and a beam splitter layer 121 is inclined and embedded. A sub carrier 15 has a stage portion constituting an upper stage and a lower stage and is mounted on a flat top plane of a carrier 19. A semiconductor laser 14 is mounted on the upper stage of the sub-carrier, and a light receiving device 13 is mounted at a lower position of the molded product on the lower stage, and a side of the molded product is mounted on the side, and the respective planes are consequently bonded.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus, comprises: a light source in which a plurality of light emitting points having different wavelengths are provided; a light receiving unit, receiving light reflected from an optical disk to produce an electric signal; and an optical system, collecting light emitted from the respective light emitting points to the optical disk and conducting the light reflected from the optical disk to the light receiving unit; wherein the optical system includes a filter which converts the light emitted from the respective light emitting points into a predetermined optical intensity distribution.

Abstract: A small-sized, inexpensive optical pickup apparatus can be assembled with high accuracy. The optical pickup apparatus has a various-purpose semiconductor laser, an integrated optical assembly for guiding outgoing light to an optical disk and for separating reflected light, a light receiver for receiving light and converting the received light into an electrical signal, and a coupling member for retaining a positional relationship among the various-purpose semiconductor laser, the integrated optical assembly, and the light receiver. By using a various-purpose semiconductor laser, the optical pickup apparatus can be made in a small size at low cost, and can be accurately assembled. The apparatus is also capable of accurately and efficiently detecting the optical power of the various-purpose semiconductor laser.

Abstract: Provided are a thin optical pick-up apparatus which can record and reproduce data to and from both high recording density disc and low recording density disc, and a thin optical disc unit using this optical pick-up apparatus. The optical pick-up apparatus comprises a short wave LDA 11, a long wave LDAB 12, a beam splitter 41, a riser prism 23 for turning an optical axis into an optical axis perpendicular to the optical disc, a composite filter 33 being integrally incorporated with the objective lens 32 while a surface of the composite filter 33 is opposed to an oblique surface of the riser prism 23 in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A small-sized, inexpensive optical pickup apparatus can be assembled with high accuracy. The optical pickup apparatus has a various-purpose semiconductor laser, an integrated optical assembly for guiding outgoing light to an optical disk and for separating reflected light, a light receiver for receiving light and converting the received light into an electrical signal, and a coupling member for retaining a positional relationship among the various-purpose semiconductor laser, the integrated optical assembly, and the light receiver. By using a various-purpose semiconductor laser, the optical pickup apparatus can be made in a small size at low cost, and can be accurately assembled. The apparatus is also capable of accurately and efficiently detecting the optical power of the various-purpose semiconductor laser.

Abstract: A wireless telephone equipment is provided with a microphone for receiving voice of a user and changing the voice to audio signals of an outgoing call, a cellular transmitter for modulating a carrier with the audio signals in a cellular communication, a cellular band-pass filter for filtering the carrier modulated in the cellular transmitter, a cordless transmitter for modulating a carrier with the audio signals in a cordless communication, a cordless band-pass filter for filtering the carrier modulated in the cordless transmitter, an antenna for transmitting the carrier filtered in the cellular or cordless band-pass filter and receiving a modulated signal, a band-pass filter for filtering the modulated signal, a cellular-cordless receiver for demodulating the modulated signal filtered to reproduce audio signals of an incoming call in the cellular communication and cordless communication, and a speaker for receiving the audio signals of the incoming call and giving voice.

Abstract: In an optical pickup, light, emitted from a light-emitting element, is transmitted through a first beam splitter film with polarization selectivity, and a zero-order diffraction beam and two (.+-.) first order diffraction beams are produced. These beams are applied in a condensed manner to an optical disk through a condensing element, and the return light beam from the optical disk is fed to a photodetector through a second beam splitter film with polarization selectivity, thereby effecting the recording and reproduction of information, the tracking and the focusing. A diffusion angle conversion hologram is provided between the light-emitting element and the first beam splitter film, and with respect to the diffusion angle conversion hologram, the relation between the diffusion angle of the incident beam and the diffusion angle of the outgoing beam is specified.

Abstract: In an optical pickup, light, emitted from a light-emitting element, is transmitted through a first beam splitter film with polarization selectivity, and a zero-order diffraction beam and two (.+-.) first order diffraction beams are produced. These beams are applied in a condensed manner to an optical disk through a condensing element, and the return light beam from the optical disk is fed to a photodetector through a second beam splitter film with polarization selectivity, thereby effecting the recording and reproduction of information, the tracking and the focusing. A diffusion angle conversion hologram is provided between the light-emitting element and the first beam splitter film, and with respect to the diffusion angle conversion hologram, the relation between the diffusion angle of the incident beam and the diffusion angle of the outgoing beam is specified.

Abstract: In an optical pickup, an optical guide member is provided in an optical path of light from a light source, and has a plurality of inclined surfaces inclined with respect to a light beam emitted from the light source. A light-receiving element is provided for receiving light and for converting the received light into an electrical signal. The optical guide member and the light-receiving element are contained in a packaging member. The light beam from the light source is reflected by the plurality of inclined surfaces of the optical guide member, and then are directed to a recording medium. The reflected light from the recording medium is directed to the light-receiving element. At least one of dry air and inert gas such as nitrogen gas is charged in the interior of the packaging member at a pressure of 0.5 atm to 1.5 atm, thereby preventing the optical characteristics from being degraded.

Abstract: A light source beam is incident on an optical guide block and converted in its diffusion angle by a diffusion angle conversion film on a second inclined portion of the optical guide block, and reflected by a reflecting film on a first inclined portion. Then, the light is incident on a first beam splitter film on the second inclined portion and split into transmitted light and reflected light. The reflected light is focused an optical disk light reflected from the disc passes through the first beam splitter film, and then is transmitted and reflected by a second beam splitter film on a third inclined portion. This transmitted light is incident on a polarization plane conversion plate between the third inclined portion and a fourth inclined portion, so that P and S polarization components and are transmitted through and reflected by its polarized light splitting portion, respectively. The S polarization component is reflected by its reflecting surface toward light-receiving elements.

Abstract: Surface active agents are obtained by reacting, in water as solvent and under normal pressure, cresol, formaldehyde, sodium sulfite, and 2-hydroxynaphthalene. The surface active agents exhibit excellent high dispersing power upon finely grinding with disperse dyes and in use at high temperatures whereby they are effective in giving level dyeing to polyester fibers in high temperature dyeing processes and give little or no cellulose staining in dyeing a polyester/cellulose blended yarn or fabric by the thermosol process.