Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery device includes a multi-piece, chamber-shaped branching member with a draw-molded first chamber half having one inlet for introducing exhaust gas, and a draw-molded second chamber half having two outlets for discharging the exhaust gas. The draw-molded first and second chamber halves are integrally connected together to form a single chamber. A first flow channel extends from one of the two outlets of the branching member for circulating the exhaust gas. A heat exchanger is provided to the first flow channel for recovering potential heat of the exhaust gas. A second flow channel extends from the other one of the two outlets of the branching member for circulating the exhaust gas while bypassing the heat exchanger. A valve chamber houses a valve configured to open and close an outlet of the second flow channel.

Abstract: A heat exchange tube is constructed by forming, on a cylindrical tube peripheral wall, a plurality of projecting portions which project to an inside of the tube peripheral wall, and which are formed by pushing. The plurality of projecting portions are formed, respectively, into conical shapes across a tube axis, and are arranged along virtual spirals on the tube peripheral wall. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a heat exchange tube which facilitates formation of a plurality of projecting portions with the thickness hardly changed and without formation of protruded portions, and which is capable of contributing to enhancement of heat exchanging efficiency.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery device comprises: a heat exchanger for recovering heat from exhaust gas; a second flow channel for circulating the exhaust gas during exhaust heat non-recovery; a branching member for connecting an inlet of the heat exchanger and an inlet of the second flow channel; a merging member for connecting an outlet of the heat exchanger and an outlet of the second flow channel; a valve for blocking the outlet of the second flow channel; and a valve chamber for housing the valve. The branching member is comprised of a single chamber formed by joining together a first chamber half in which one inlet is provided, the first chamber half being draw-molded from a blank, and a second chamber half in which two outlets are provided, the second chamber half being draw-molded from a blank.

Abstract: A heat exchange tube is constructed by forming, on a cylindrical tube peripheral wall, a plurality of projecting portions which project to an inside of the tube peripheral wall, and which are formed by pushing. The plurality of projecting portions are formed, respectively, into conical shapes across a tube axis, and are arranged along virtual spirals on the tube peripheral wall. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a heat exchange tube which facilitates formation of a plurality of projecting portions with the thickness hardly changed and without formation of protruded portions, and which is capable of contributing to enhancement of heat exchanging efficiency.

Abstract: A working system for a circuit substrate enabling a control of stopping the substrate without inconvenience. A PWB detector 308 held by a Y-axis slide 252 of an XY robot 266 moving a component mounting head, has reflection type photoelectric sensors 310, 312 spaced from each other in a direction of conveyance of a PWB 12 by a conveyor 14. When the PWB 12 carried in the system, the sensors 310, 312 are moved to a position corresponding to a downstream-side edge of the PWB 12 stopped at a predetermined stop position. The PWB 12 is decelerated when detected by one of the sensors on the upstream side, and stopped at a desired position regardless of its shape, dimensions and conveying direction, when detected by the other or downstream sensor. Electronic circuit components 16 can be supplied to plural kinds of PWBs 12 with one component supply device.

Abstract: A working system for a circuit substrate enabling a control of stopping the substrate without inconvenience. A PWB detector 308 held by a Y-axis slide 252 of an XY robot 266 moving a component mounting head, has reflection type photoelectric sensors 310, 312 spaced from each other in a direction of conveyance of a PWB 12 by a conveyor 14. When the PWB 12 carried in the system, the sensors 310, 312 are moved to a position corresponding to a downstream-side edge of the PWB 12 stopped at a predetermined stop position. The PWB 12 is decelerated when detected by one of the sensors on the upstream side, and stopped at a desired position regardless of its shape, dimensions and conveying direction, when detected by the other or downstream sensor. Electronic circuit components 16 can be supplied to plural kinds of PWBs 12 with one component supply device.

Abstract: Electric-component mounting system includes a member fixedly disposed on one of a main body and a movable portion, an image-taking device fixedly disposed on the other of the main body and movable portion to take an image of the member. The member and the image-taking device are positioned relative to each other such that an error of relative positioning therebetween detected on the basis of the image of the member substantially represents a positioning error of the member due to thermal expansion of the system. A controller determines a drive signal to operate a drive device, on the basis of the image of the member, so as to reduce an amount of influence of the positioning error of the member on the actual position of the movable portion.

Abstract: Electric-component mounting system for mounting an electric component on a substrate, including a movable portion movable relative to a main body, a motion-transmitting member disposed on the main body and operable to transmit to the movable portion a linear motion generated by a drive device, such that thermal expansion of the motion-transmitting member causes a positioning error of the movable portion, an object fixedly disposed on one of the main body and the movable portion, an image-taking device fixedly disposed on the other of the main body and the movable portion to take an image of the object, the object and the image-taking device being positioned relative to each other such that an error of relative positioning therebetween detected on the basis of the image of the object substantially represents a positioning error of the object due to thermal expansion of the system, and a controller operable to determine a drive signal to operate drive device, on the basis of the image of the object, so as to re

Abstract: An apparatus for breaking chips into fragments, including an outer structure which is fixedly provided such that a center line of the outer structure is parallel to a reference direction having a vertical component, an inner structure which is provided inside the outer structure such that the inner structure is concentric with the outer structure, a rotary drive device which rotates, in a rotating direction, the inner structure about the center line, and the inner structure including a central portion which is concentric with the outer structure, and a plurality of blades which extend radially outwardly from an outer circumferential surface of the central portion and each of which is inclined relative to the rotating direction such that a lower surface of the each blade can be seen as viewed from a downstream side of the each blade in the rotating direction.

Abstract: In an automatic focus detecting device in which a vibrating prism is provided on the focal plane of an objective of an optical instrument such as a camera, a photodetector element used for detecting focus is composed of a central element functioning as a main photodetector and a marginal element or elements functioning as a sub-photodetector. The marginal element detects the vibration of the image of a non-principal subject matter existing in the vicinity of a principal subject matter. The central element detects the vibration of the image of the principal subject matter. The output of the marginal element is used to compensate for the noise in the output of the central element.

Abstract: Behind an objective which is axially movable, is provided a beam splitter to divide the light path passing through the objective into two light paths. In one of the light paths on the image plane of the objective is located a prism. Behind the prism is provided a photodetector in the optical path includng the prism. In the optical path which does not have the prism also is provided a photodetector at a position which is optically conjugate with the other photodetector. The output of the photodetectors are connected to an output comparing circuit which is connected to a servomotor for controlling the position of the objective. When the outputs of the two photodetectors are equal to each other, the servomotor is stopped.

Abstract: A beam splitter is provided in the optical path of an objective of a camera or the like to divide the light beam into two light beams. At least in one of the divided light beams is inserted a wedge type prism to shift the image viewed from therebehind when the image is not focused precisely on the prism. At optically conjugate positions in the divided light beams are located photodetectors to receive light. The outputs of the photodetectors are connected with an A.C. component detecting circuit by way of an alternating switching circuit so that an A.C. component of the output of the switching circuit may be detected when the outputs of the photodetectors are different from each other. When the image is focused precisely on the prism, the outputs of the photodetectors become equal to each other and the output of the alternating switching circuit does not have an A.C. component. A servomotor for controlling the position of the objective is connected with the A.C.

Abstract: A photographic camera permits automatic exposure control wherein either the diaphragm aperture setting or the shutter speed setting is preselected while the other is automatically obtained thereafter. Arithmetical operations are electronically performed on various exposure control parameters such as the scene brightness etc., and signals resulting from these operations are used to control the shutter control mechanism or the aperture control mechanism to automatically obtain the shutter speed or diaphragm aperture required for proper exposure.

Abstract: Automatic exposure control apparatus for automatic setting of exposure parameters wherein the settings for any two of three exposure control parameters, namely, diaphragm aperture, shutter speed and filter transmittance, are preselected and the setting for the remaining parameter is automatically determined thereafter in accordance with the settings for the two preselected settings and other uncontrollable parameters. The exposure control apparatus includes signal supply means which provide pulse signals corresponding to the two preselected settings and arithmetic operation means which performs arithmetic operations on the pulse signals corresponding to the preselected settings and other pulse signals which correspond to the measured intensity of the light illuminating the object to be photographed and to the speed of the film loaded in the camera, and produces a pulse signal which controls the remaining exposure control parameter.

Abstract: In an optical instrument like photographic cameras, a light refracting optical element such as a prism having different parts effecting refraction in different directions is located substantially on an image plane of the objective of the optical instrument and periodically moved in the plane to bring the different parts to a point on the plane periodically. When the image formed on the plane is just focused on the light refracting optical element, the image viewed from behind stands still. When the image formed on the plane is out of focus, that is the image is not focused precisely on the light refracting optical element, the image viewed from behind periodically moves.

Abstract: A shutter device for a photographic camera uses an electromagnetic driving means for moving back and forth shutter blades to admit light rays to the film for a controlled length of time. In spite of the use of the electromagnetic driving means the shutter blades can be driven at the same and high speed. If the electromagnetic driving means is operatively connected to a light intensity measuring circuit, the program-control of exposure can be performed.

Abstract: A transparent liquid container half-filled with opaque liquid is provided in front of a film in a camera body to cover a small portion of the area of a single frame. The shadow of the opaque liquid is recorded on the film when a focal plane shutter is opened to expose the film to take a picture. Alternatively, an arrow shaped rotatable member having a weighted tail end is provided in front of the film. The shadow of the opaque liquid or that of the arrow shaped member indicates the top and bottom of the picture recorded on the film.

Abstract: A light refracting optical element such as a prism is inserted in the optical path of the objective of a camera substantially on the focal plane of the objective. The light refracting optical element is mounted on a transparent plate and periodically moved in a plane perpendicular to the optical path. A photodetector is provided on which an image of the real image formed by the objective is focused by way of a focusing lens. The photodetector is connected to an electric circuit which amplifies an alternating current component of the output of the photodetector. When the real image of the objective is formed on the light refracting optical element, the output of the photodetector does not contain an alternating component. When the real image of the objective is formed on a plane displaced from the light refracting optical element, the output of the photodetector contains an alternating current component having the same frequency as that of the periodical movement of the light refracting optical element.

Abstract: An optical blade drive apparatus for use in an optical instrument includes a linear motor system which electromagnetically actuates a blade ring for rotation at a high speed. The linear motor system comprises permanent magnets arranged to provide a centered magnetic force and an electromagnetic coil assembly formed by overlapping a number of printed wiring strip sheets in slightly offset positions.

Abstract: An oscillator is connected with a DC power source for generating an oscillating output current. A plurality of capacitors are connected with the oscillator by way of diodes and are charged by the output current from the oscillator. The connecting point between each capacitor and its associated diode is connected via a switching circuit to an electromagnetic coil. For instance, one capacitor is connected with a coil for driving a leading shutter blind and another capacitor is connected with a coil for driving a trailing shutter blind.